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　　Have you ever heard of unmanned farms?【2】

4、我国无人农场的发展对策

经过多年的政策布局和项目实施，我国的无人农场呈现了良好的发展势头。十四五期间，为进一步推动无人农场的发展，需要不断完善无人农场基础理论，加强关键技术和实用产品研发，积极探索无人农场发展商业模式，进一步优化和完善无人农场政策环境。

2. The development countermeasures of unmanned farms in China

After years of policy layout and project implementation, China's unmanned farms have shown a good momentum of development. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, in order to further promote the development of unmanned farms, it is necessary to constantly improve the basic theory of unmanned farms, strengthen the research and development of key technologies and practical products, actively explore the business model of the development of unmanned farms, and further optimize and improve the policy environment of unmannedfarms.
4.1、加强无人农场基础理论、关键技术和实用产品研发

无人农场是新生事物，无人农场的基础理论关键技术有许多问题值得进一步深入探索。当前迫切需要加强农业传感器、动植物表型及生长优化调控模型、自主作业机器人等卡脖子技术的研发；在农机无人驾驶、无人机、无人猪场、无人鸡场、无人渔场等数字化基础好、可控性强的领域进行率先尝试，通过技术转让、联合开发、委托开发和共建研发基地、产业化中试基地等手段，促进无人农场技术试验示范与产业化发展。

集中力量加强攻关，突破农业物联网核心技术和重大关键技术是无人农场走向成熟的关键。要瞄准农业农村现代化与乡村振兴战略的重大需求，加强物联网技术集成应用与示范，加快人工智能与农业机器人研发，推动农业大数据能力建设力度，推进农机、农艺和信息技术等集成研究与系统示范，突破农业大数据融汇治理技术、农业信息智能分析决策技术、云服务技术、农业知识智能推送和应答等新型知识服务技术，实现农业装备作业信息感知、定量决策、智能控制、精准投入、个性服务。

4.1、Strengthen the research and development of basic theories, key technologies and practical products of unmanned farms

Unmanned farm is a new thing, and there are many problems in the basic theory of unmanned farm worth further exploration. At present, it is urgent to strengthen the research and development of bottleneck technologies such as agricultural sensors, animal and plant phenotype and growth optimization regulation model, independent operation robot; take the lead in the areas with good digital foundation and strong controllability such as unmanned agricultural machinery, unmanned pig farm, unmanned chicken farm, unmanned fishing farm,and promote the experimental demonstration and industrialization development of unmanned farms through technology transfer, joint development, commissioned development and joint development base and industrialization pilot base.

the Internet of things technology integration application and demonstration, speed up the artificial intelligence and agricultural robot development, promote agricultural data ability construction, promote agricultural machinery, agronomy and information technology integrated research and system demonstration, breakthrough in agricultural big data management technology, agricultural information intelligent analysis decision-making technology, cloud service technology, agricultural knowledge intelligent push and responsenew knowledge service technology, agricultural equipment operation information perception, quantitative decision-making, intelligent control, precise input, personality service.

4.2、编制无人农场发展规划

围绕无人农场技术研发、转化、推广、应用和服务过程中的重大问题，做好顶层设计，制定无人农场在农业主导产业和特色区域的发展方向、重点领域、发展模式及推进路径，合理布局无人农场重大应用示范和产业化项目，强化政府对无人农场工作的宏观指导和统筹协调，集聚项目、资金、科技、人才等资源，促进无人农场的应用发展。即要防范一哄而上式的盲人摸象式发展，又要反对抱残守缺式的畏难情绪。具体到某一地方，要突出地域优势，围绕把地域优势转化为经济优势来开展无人农场建设。

统一的行业标准是无人农场建设和发展的前提，无人农场还处于实验验证阶段，涉及到多层次的交叉学科和技术，当前与无人农场相关的各类技术标准体系还不足以全面支撑无人农场标准化发展，要根据我国对无人农场的现实需求和最佳应用模式，加强无人农场相关国家标准制定。加大对标准化研究的投入力度，加强标准化队伍建设。制定无人农场标准要与国际接轨，重视技术标准国际化，注重无人农场国际标准化战略的研究与实施。

4.2. Formulate development plans for unmanned farms

Around no farm technology research and development, transformation, promotion, application and major issues in the process of service, completes the top design, develop no farm in agricultural leading industry and characteristic area development direction, key areas, development mode and path, reasonable layout no farm major application demonstration and industrialization projects, strengthen the government to no farm work macro guidance and overall coordination, agglomeration projects, capital, science and technology, talent resources, promote the development ofthe application of no farm. That is, we should guard against the development of the blind and the elephant, and we should oppose the fear of the disabled. Specifically to a certain place, we should highlight the regional advantages and carry out the construction of unmanned farms around transforming the regional advantages into economic advantages.

development, according to the real demand of unmanned farm and the best application mode, strengthen the unmanned farm related national standards. Increase the investment in standardization research and strengthen the construction of standardization team. The formulation of unmanned farm standards should be in line with the international standards, attach importance to the internationalization of technical standards, and pay attention to the research and implementation of the international standardization strategy of unmanned farms.

4.3、探索无人农场发展商业模式

无人农场必须要坚持商业化运行、企业化为主体、产业集群化发展的思路，充分发挥协会、产业联盟、企业主导的作用，构建以应用需求为牵引，以企业为主体，以市场需求为导向、产学研相结合的无人农场合作发展模式，鼓励大型农业龙头企业积极探索。要采取合作社+无人农场的模式，选择实力型合作社，国家给予必要扶持，使其起到示范、辐射作用，达到积蓄力量促进发展的政策目标。

要统筹技术、标准、人才和基地建设，依托一批核心关键技术，通过技术转让、联合开发、委托开发和共建研发基地、产业化中试基地，促进无人农场技术试验示范与产业化。充分发挥协会、联盟、企业的作用，探索无人农场发展的商业模式，构建以应用需求为牵引、以企业为主体、以市场需求为导向、产学研相结合的无人农场合作发展模式。

4.3. Explore the business model of unmanned farms

No farm must adhere to the commercial operation, enterprise into the main body, the idea of industrial cluster development, give full play to the association, industry alliance, enterprise leading role, build application demand for traction, take the enterprise as the main body, market demand oriented, the combination of no farm cooperation development mode, encourage large agricultural leading enterprises to actively explore. The model of cooperatives + unmanned farms should be adopted, and powerful cooperatives should be selected, and the state shouldt, so that they can play a demonstration and radiation role, so as to achieve the policy goal of accumulating strength to promote development.

industrialization of unmanned farms through technology transfer, joint development, commissioned development and joint construction of research and development bases and industrialization pilot bases. Give full play to the role of associations, alliances and enterprises, explore the business model of the development of unmanned farms, and build a cooperative development model of unmanned farms with application demand as the traction, enterprises as the main body, market demand as the guidance, and the combination of industry, university and research.

4.4、进一步优化和完善无人农场政策环境

无人农场是我国战略性新兴产业，是未来发展趋势，在当前技术和商业模式尚不成熟的条件下，其成本高、投入大。因此需要政府构建无人农场发展的政策支持环境，加快制订包括补贴、投资、金融、信贷、税收、电商、重大项目建设等政策支撑体系，鼓励民营资本进入，促进无人农场产业化发展。农技、农机等技术推广应用部门应主动参与，积极学习，成为无人农场建设的助推器。要有所作为，推动发展，为农业新一轮发展提供科技支持。

吸引和培养无人农场相关的高端人才和创新创业人才，支持一批领军人才和青年拔尖人才成长。依托重大工程项目，鼓励校企合作，在高等学校加强人工智能、大数据等相关学科专业建设，引导职业学校培养产业发展急需的技能型人才。鼓励信息化领域人才进入无人农场领域开展相关科学研究与应用推广。积极开展技术培训，建设懂技术会操作的智慧农业推广队伍。鼓励领先企业、行业服务机构等培养高水平的物联网、大数据、人工智能与机器人人才队伍，面向重点行业提供行业解决方案，推广行业最佳应用实践。

4.4. Further optimize and improve the policy environment for unmanned farms

Unmanned farm is a strategic emerging industry in China, which is the future development trend. Under the current technology and business model are not mature, it has high cost and large investment. Therefore, it is necessary for the government to build a policy support environment for the development of unmanned farms, accelerate the formulation of policy support systems including subsidies, investment, finance, credit, taxation, e-commerce, and major project construction, encourage the entry of private capital, and promote the industrialization development of unmanned farms. Agricultural technology and agricultural machinery technology popularization and application departments should take the initiative to participate, actively learn, and become the booster for the construction of unmanned farms. Efforts should be made to promote development and provide scientific and technological support for a new round of agricultural development.

higher learning, and guide vocational schools to train skilled talents urgently needed for industrial development. Encourage talents in the field of information technology to enter the relevant scientific research and application promotion in the field of unmanned farms. Actively carry out technical training, and build a smart agricultural extension team who knows the technology and operation. Leading enterprises and industry service agencies are encouraged to cultivate high-level talent teams of the Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence androbots, provide industry solutions for key industries, and promote the best application practices in the industry.

4.5、推动在国家现代农业示范区内建成一批大田种植、设施园艺、畜禽养殖、水产养殖等领域创新性强的无人农场示范区，不断推进无人农场相关技术在示范区内率先取得突破。利用国有垦区组织化、规模化、集约化、机械化水平明显高于其他地区的优势，针对不同垦区主要农作物、奶牛、生猪，探索建立无人作业模式，发挥农垦的示范引领作用。东部沿海地区农业现代化水平较高，可率先打造一批无人农场示范县(市、区)，待无人农场初具规模并取得显著成效后逐步向中西部地区推广，进而通过无人农场带动全国农业发展模式变革升级。

4.5 Promote the construction of a number of innovative unmanned farm demonstration zones in field planting, facility horticulture, livestock and poultry breeding, aquaculture and other fields in the national modern agriculture demonstration zoneContinue to promote the unmanned farm related technology to take the lead in the breakthrough in the demonstration area. Taking advantage of the advantages of organization, scale, intensification and mechanization level of state-owned reclamation areas that are significantly higher than that of other areas, we will explore the establishment of unmanned operation mode for the main crops, dairy cows and pigs in different reclamation areas, and give full play to the demonstration and leading role of agricultural reclamation. The eastern coastal areas have a high level of agricultural modernization, so they can