智能农业的前世今生【中英双语】

智能农业（或称工厂化农业），是指在相对可控的环境条件下，采用工业化生产，实现集约高效可持续发展的现代超前农业生产方式，就是农业先进设施与陆地相配套、具有高度的技术规范和高效益的集约化规模经营的生产方式。

Intelligent agriculture (or factory agriculture), refers to the relatively controllable environment conditions, the industrial production, realize intensive and efficient sustainable development of modern advanced agricultural production mode, is advanced agricultural advanced facilities and land, has a high degree of technical specifications and high efficiency of intensive scale management mode of production.

智能农业是推动城乡发展一体化的战略引擎

Intelligent agriculture is the strategic engine to promote the integration of urban and rural development

它集科研、生产、加工、销售于一体，实现周年性、全天候、反季节的企业化规模生产;它集成现代生物技术、农业工程、农用新材料等学科，以现代化农业设施为依托，科技含量高，产品附加值高，土地产出率高和劳动生产率高，是我国农业新技术革命的跨世纪工程。

It integrates scientific research, production, processing and sales, realizing annual, all-weather and off-season enterprise scale production; it integrates modern biotechnology, agricultural engineering, agricultural new materials and other disciplines, relying on modern agricultural facilities, high technology content, high added value, high land yield and high labor productivity, and is a cross-century project of the agricultural new technology revolution in China.

智能农业产品通过实时采集温室内温度、土壤温度、二氧化碳浓度、湿度信号以及光照、叶面湿度、露点温度等环境参数，自动开启或者关闭指定设备。可以根据用户需求，随时进行处理，为设施农业综合生态信息自动监测、对环境进行自动控制和智能化管理提供科学依据。通过模块采集温度传感器等信号，经由无线信号收发模块传输数据，实现对大棚温湿度的远程控制。智能农业还包括智能粮库系统，该系统通过将粮库内温湿度变化的感知与计算机或手机的连接进行实时观察，记录现场情况以保证量粮库的温湿度平衡。

Intelligent agricultural products collect the greenhouse temperature, soil temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, humidity signal, light, leaf humidity, dew point temperature and other environmental parameters in real time, and automatically turn on or off the designated equipment. It can be processed at any time according to the needs of users, providing a scientific basis for the automatic monitoring of the comprehensive ecological information of facility agriculture, the automatic control and intelligent management of the environment. Temperaturesensors and other signals are collected through the module, and data is transmitted through the wireless signal transver module to realize the remote control of temperature and humidity in the greenhouse. Intelligent agriculture also includes the intelligent grain depot system, which observes the perception of the temperature and humidity changes in the grain depot with the connection of the computer or mobile phone, and records the field situation to ensure the balance of the temperature and humidity of the grain depot.

传统农业与智能农业

Traditional agriculture and intelligent agriculture

传统农业生产活动中的浇水灌溉、施肥、打药，农民依靠人工估摸，全凭经验和感觉来完成。而应用物联网，诸如瓜果蔬菜的浇水时间，施肥、打药，怎样保持精确的浓度，如何实行按需供给等一系列作物在不同生长周期曾被"模糊"处理的问题，都有信息化智能监控系统实时定量"精确"把关，农民只需按个开关，作个选择，或是完全听"指令"， 就能种好菜、养好花。 从传统农业到现代农业转变的过程中，农业信息化的发展大致经历了计算机农业、 数字农业、精准农业和智慧农业4个过程。

In traditional agricultural production activities, watering irrigation, fertilization, medicine, farmers rely on manual estimation, all by experience and feeling to complete. And application of the Internet of things, such as fruits and vegetables watering time, fertilization, medicine, how to keep the precise concentration, how to implement on-demand supply and a series of crops in different growth cycle was "fuzzy" processing problems, have information intelligent monitoring system of real-time quantitative "accurate" control, farmers just need to press a switch, make a choice, or completely listen to "instructions", can grow good food, raise good flowers. Inthe process of transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, the development of agricultural informatization has roughly experienced four processes: computer agriculture, digital agriculture, precision agriculture and smart agriculture.

我国发展现代农业，面临着资源紧缺与资源 消耗过大的双重挑战。以信息传感设备、传感网、互联网和智能信息处理为核心的物联网将为农业生产过程中量化分析、智能决策、变量投入、定位操作的现代农业生产管理技术体系开辟新的思路和有利手段，将在农业领域得到广泛应用，并将进一步促进信息 技术与农业现代化的融合。 基于物联网的智能农业可用于大中型农业种植基地、设施园艺、畜禽水产养殖和农产 品物流，布设的6种类型的无线传感节点，包括空气温度、空气湿度、土壤温 度、土壤湿度、光照强度、二氧化碳浓度等，并通过低功耗自组织网络的无线通信技术实现传感器数据的无线传输。所有数据汇集到中心节点，通过无线网关与互联网或移动网络相连，实现农业信息的多尺度（个域、视域、区域、地域）传输;用户通过手机或计算机可以实时掌握农作物现场的环境信息，系统根据环境参数诊断农作物生长状况和病虫害状况。同时，在环境参数超标的情况下，系统可远程对灌溉等农业装备进行控制，实现农业生产的产前、产中、产后的过程监控，进而实现农业生产集约、高产、优质、高效、生态、 安全等可持续发展的目标。

positioning operation of modern agricultural production management technology system open up new ideas and favorable means, will be widely used in the field of agriculture, and will further promote the integration of information technology and agricultural modernization. Intelligent agriculture based on the Internet of things can be used in large and medium-sized agricultural planting base, gardening, livestock and poultry aquaculture and agricultural products logistics, layout of six types of wireless sensor nodes, including air temperature, air humidity,temperature of soil, soil humidity, light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, etc., and through the low power consumption since the organization network of wireless communication technology to realize wireless sensor data transmission. All data are collected to the central node and connected to the Internet or mobile network through wireless gateway to realize multi-scale transmission of agricultural information (domain, horizon, region, region) of agricultural information; users can grasp the environmental information of crop site inreal time through mobile phone or computer, and the system can diagnose crop growth and diseases and insect pests according to environmental parameters. At the same time, in the case of excessive environmental parameters, the system can remotely control irrigation and other agricultural equipment, so as to realize the process monitoring before, during and after agricultural production, and then realize the sustainable development of agricultural production such as intensive, high yield, high quality, high efficiency, ecological and safe.

智能农业最新进展

The latest progress in intelligent agriculture

2002年，英特尔公司率先在俄勒冈建立了世界上第一个无线葡萄园。传感器节点被分布在葡萄园的每个角落，每隔1min检测一次土壤温度、湿度或该区域有害物的数量，以确 保葡萄可以健康生长。研究人员发现，葡萄园气候的细微变化可极大地影响葡萄酒的质量。通过长年的数据记录以及相关分析，便能精确地掌握葡萄酒的质地与葡萄生长过程中的日 照、温度、湿度的确切关系。这是一个典型的精准农业、智能耕种的实例。

In 2002, Intel pioneered the world's first wireless vineyard in Oregon. Sensor nodes are distributed in every corner of the vineyard, and the soil temperature, moisture, or the amount of pests in the area are detected every 1min apart to ensure a healthy growth of the grapes. The researchers found that subtle changes in the vineyard climate can greatly affect the quality of the wine. Through years of data recording and related analysis, we can accurately grasp the exact relationship between the texture of wine and the sunshine, temperature and humidity in the process of grape growth.This is a typical example of precision agriculture and intelligent farming.

2008年美国Crossbow公司开发了基于无线传感网络的农作物监测系统，基于太阳能供电，能监测土壤温湿度与空气温度，通过Internet浏览器为客户提供了农作物健康、生长情况的实时数据，已经在美国批量应用。 美国加州Camalie葡萄园在4.4英亩（1 英亩=6.07亩）区域部署了20个智能节点， 组建了土壤温湿度监测网络，同时还监测酒窖内存储温度的变化，管理人员可通过网络远程浏览和管理数据，在应用了网络化的监测管理之后，葡萄园的经济效益显著提高。与2004年的2t产量相比，2005—2007年的产量逐年翻一番，分别达到了4、8和17.5t，同时也 改善了葡萄酒品质，节省了灌溉用水。

power supply, it can monitor soil temperature and humidity and air temperature. It provides customers with real-time data on the health and growth of crops through the Internet browser, which has been used in batches in the United States. California Camalie vineyard in 4.4 acres (1 acre = 6.07 acres) area deployed 20 intelligent nodes, formed the soil temperature and humidity monitoring network, also monitor the change of the wine cellar storage temperature, management personnel can be through the network remote browsing and management data, after theof the network monitoring management, the vineyard economic benefit improved significantly. Compared with the 2t production in 2004, the output in 2005-2007 doubled annually to 4t, 8t and 17.5t respectively, which also improved wine quality and saved irrigation water.

日本富士通公司开发的富士通农场管理系统以全生命周期农产品质量安全控制为重点，带动设施农业生产、智能畜禽和智能水产养殖，实现设施农业管理、养殖场远程监控与维护、水产养殖生产全过程的智能化。

The Fujitsu farm management system developed by Fujitsu Company focuses on the quality and safety control of agricultural products in the whole life cycle, driving the production of facility agriculture, intelligent livestock and poultry and intelligent aquaculture, and realizes the intelligence of facility agriculture management, remote monitoring and maintenance of breeding farms, and the whole process of aquaculture production.

江苏省无锡阳山镇专门开发桃园种植技术的物联网监测系统，实现了高科技种桃，令人叹为观止。该镇有25亩桃林作为物联网种植园的示范基地，由22个传感器和3个微型气象站 组成的监测系统充当"智慧桃农"。这种绿色农业种植模式有效压缩了成本，提高了经济效益，实现了高产、优品的种植目标。

Yangshan Town, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, specially developed the Internet of Things monitoring system of Taoyuan planting technology, realizing high-tech peach planting, which is amazing. The town has 25 mu of peach forest as a demonstration base for the Internet of Things plantation, with a monitoring system consisting of 22 sensors and three micro-weather stations acting as "smart peach farmers."This green agricultural planting mode has effectively reduced the cost, improved the economic benefits, and achieved the planting goal of high yield and high quality products.

中科院遥感应用研究所开发的基于无线传感网络和移动通信平台的农业生态环境监测系统，解决了大棚内监测温度、湿度的困难，在环境参数超过用户设置的范围时，系统可以通过短信方式对用户进行报警，同时用户可利用手机短信获取大棚内实时的温度、湿度 或者登录Internet网页查看，用户还可以通过手机短信对大棚内的浇灌系统、天棚等设备进 行控制。

of Sciences developed based on wireless sensor network and mobile communication platform of agricultural ecological environment monitoring system, solve the difficulty in the greenhouse monitoring of temperature and humidity, when the environmental parameters over the user set, the system can through SMS to the user alarm, at the same time the user can use SMS for greenhouse real-time temperature, humidity or login Internet web view, the user can also through the SMS of greenhouse water system, canopy and other equipment to control.

上海交大机电控制与物流装备研究所针对葡萄新梢生长发育的规律特点，开发研制了 基于嵌入式控制器和CCD彩色相机的葡萄新梢生长图像数据采集记录系统， 实现了葡萄新梢生长态势的在线监测。该系统针对葡萄生长发育特点，配备球坐标式图像采集支架，实现对图像采集角度的自由调整；设计开发的全光谱辅助照明装置，大限度地减少或避免了直射光对成像质量的影响；嵌入可编程式控制器实现了无人值守的自动拍照模式，用户可根据需求预先自由设定拍摄间隔，从而无需人工干预即可获取清 晰的图像数据。由于采用了商业化的CCD彩色相机，拍摄到的图像分辨率高且色彩真实，有利于后续的图像分析处理，可以得到理想的图像分割效果和精度。同时系统还具备现场大容量SD卡存储和远程无线网络传输功能，既延长了监控周期，又可以实时地共享观测结果。

and development of grape shoots, the Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Control and Logistics Equipment of Shanghai Jiao Tong University developed a grape shoot growth image data acquisition and recording system based on embedded controller and CCD color camera, which realized the online monitoring of the growth trend of grape shoots. According to the characteristics of grape growth and development, the system is equipped with a spherical coordinate image acquisition bracket to realize the free adjustment of image acquisition angle; the full spectrum auxiliary lighting device is designed and developed to reduce or avoid the influence of direct light on imaging quality; the embedded programmable controller realizes unattended automatic photo mode, users can set the shooting interval in advance according to the needs, so as to obtain clear image data without manual intervention. Due to the commercial use of CCD color camera, the image shot has high resolution and true color, which is conducive to the subsequent image analysis and processing, andthe ideal image segmentation effect and accuracy can be obtained. At the same time, the system also has the function of field large-capacity SD card storage and remote wireless network transmission, which not only extends the monitoring cycle, but also can share the observation results in real time.

我国的无人农场实践

Unmanned farm practice in our country

无人农场是采用物联网、大数据、人工智能、5G、机器人等新一代信息技术，通过对农场设施、装备、机械等远程控制，或通过智能装备及机器人自主决策、自主作业，完成所有农场生产、管理任务，是一种全天候、全过程、全空间的无人化生产作业模式，无人农场的本质是实现机器换人。建设无人农场是缓解农村劳动力短缺、推进现代农业建设的一个重要途径。

No farm is the Internet of things, big data, artificial intelligence, 5G, robot, such as a new generation of information technology, through the farm facilities, equipment, machinery, or through intelligent equipment and robot autonomous decisions, autonomous operation, all farm production, management tasks, is a kind of all-weather, whole process, whole space unmanned production mode, the essence of no farm is to realize the machine substitution. The construction of unmanned farm is an important way to alleviate the shortage of rural labor force and promote theconstruction of modern agriculture. 

近年来，国家出台多项农业相关政策及规划，支持无人农场的技术研发、推广应用，全面提升无人化数字技术在农产品生产的应用水平，不断加快推进农业现代化。

In recent years, the state has issued a number of agriculture-related policies and plans to support the technology research and development, promotion and application of unmanned farms, comprehensively improve the application level of unmanned digital technology in agricultural production, and constantly accelerate agricultural modernization.

2020年10月，中国共产党第十九届中央委员会第五次全体会议《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和二〇三五年远景目标的建议》，提出“通过农业大数据与人工智能等技术，创新发展农业智能装备，提高涉农人员运用信息与知识水平和管理决策能力，核心解决卡脖子与短板技术、农村劳力短缺、人工成本高的问题，确保农业安全自主可控。”

In October 2020, the 19th session of the central committee of the fifth plenary meeting of the central committee of the communist party of China about the national economic and social development and 235 years vision proposal ", put forward" through agricultural big data and artificial intelligence technology, innovation and development of agricultural intelligent equipment, improve agricultural personnel using information and knowledge and management decision-making ability, core solve neck and short technology, rural labor shortage, high cost of labor, to ensureagricultural safety autonomous control.”
2021年2月，中共中央国务院发布《关于全面推进乡村振兴加快农业农村现代化的意见》，提出“建立农业农村大数据体系，推动新一代信息技术与农业生产经营深度融合。”2021年3月，农业农村部办公厅发布了《关于申报2021年度全国农业农村信息化示范基地的通知》，指出“重点支持示范基地发展，鼓励示范基地率先承担农业农村改革试点示范任务，为加快推进农业现代化奠定基础。”

Promoting Rural Revitalization and Accelerating Agricultural and Rural Modernization, which proposed to " establish a big data system for agriculture and rural areas and promote the deep integration of new-generation information technology with agricultural production and operation."In March 2021, the General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued the Notice on the Application for the 2021 National Agricultural and Rural Informatization Demonstration Base, pointing out that" focus on supporting the development of the demonstration bases,encourage the demonstration bases to take the lead in undertaking the pilot demonstration tasks of agricultural and rural reform, and lay a foundation for accelerating agricultural modernization.”

“十四五”是实现农业农村现代化的关键时期，为发展无人农场提供了巨大的发展空间，在全力推进农业农村的现代化进程中，结合无人农场的实际应用推广，瞄准农业农村现代化的主攻方向，提高劳动生产率、资源利用率和单位土地产出率，以实现农业劳动力的彻底解放。无人农场代表着最先进农业生产力，是未来农业的发展方向，必将引领数字农业、精准农业、智慧农业等现代农业方式的发展。

the practical application of no farm, aimed at the main direction of agricultural rural modernization, improve labor productivity, resource utilization and unit land productivity, in order to realize the complete liberation of agricultural labor force. Unmanned farm represents the most advanced agricultural productivity, is the future development direction of agriculture, and will certainly lead the development of modern agricultural methods such as digital agriculture, precision agriculture and intelligent agriculture.

a、位于粤西地区的茂名高州市也建起了一座“无人农场”。位于茂名高州市宝光街道八角山村委会车田尾村的“无人农场”，是高州市走向农业现代化的一个大胆尝试。据悉，该农场是茂名市首个无人农场水稻生产基地，占地面积3000亩。是由岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室茂名分中心与华南农业大学水稻生产机械化创新团队共同打造。根据南方日报发布的消息可知，该“无人农场”较人工节省约六成劳动力，同时无人技术将覆盖水稻耕种收全环节。场内的先进机器有：无人驾驶旋耕机、无人驾驶播种机、无人驾驶插秧机、无人驾驶高地隙宽幅喷雾机和无人驾驶收获机等一批新型无人农机。

of Gaozhou City to move towards agricultural modernization. It is reported that the farm is the first unmanned farm rice production base in Maoming city, covering an area of 3,000 mu. It is jointly built by the Maoming Branch of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory and the Rice Production Mechanization Innovation team of South China Agricultural University. According to Nanfang Daily, the "unmanned farm" saves about 60 percent of the labor force, and the unmanned technology will cover the whole process of rice farming and harvesting. The advancedmachines in the field are: unmanned rotary tiller, unmanned planter, unmanned rice transplanter, unmanned high gap wide range sprayer and unmanned harvester and other new unmanned agricultural machinery.

b、碧桂园联手北大荒打造的无人化农场项目在黑龙江建三江七星农场举办农机无人驾驶作业现场演示会，集中展示了项目近一年来取得的最新成果，标志着碧桂园农业在无人化农场领域取得了阶段性重要成就。

The unmanned farm project built by Country Garden and Beidahuang held an on-site demonstration of unmanned agricultural machinery operation in Sanjiang Qixing Farm in Heilongjiang Province, showing the latest achievements of the project in the past year, marking the important achievements of Country Garden Agriculture in the field of unmanned farm in the stage.

中国工程院院士、华南农业大学教授罗锡文表示，“北大荒建三江和碧桂园农业联合组织实施的这个无人化农场试验示范项目将带动中国现代化大农业加速发展，为中国农业转型升级、实现高质量发展注入强大动力。”

Luo Xiwen, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a professor at South China Agricultural University, said, " The unmanned farm experimental demonstration project jointly organized by Beidahuang Sanjiang and Country Garden will accelerate the development of China's modern agriculture and inject strong impetus into the transformation and upgrading of China's agriculture and the realization of high-quality development.”

数十台无人驾驶农机在农田里“大练兵”，演示现场再现了无人化水田筑埂、搅浆、插秧、旱直播、飞防、秋翻地、旋地以及无人化旱田灭茬、翻、耙、起垄、播种、喷药等20项农机作业演示，每一个无人化操作环节都精准有序、平稳顺畅，让人大开眼界。

Dozens of unmanned agricultural machinery in the farmland "big training", demonstrate the scene of the unmanned paddy field build ridge, slurry, planting, live, dry, autumn, spinning and unmanned dry field stubble, turn, rake, ridge, sowing, spraying and other 20 agricultural machinery operation demonstration, each unmanned operation link accurate and orderly, smooth, smooth, eye-opening.

据悉，这是国内外先进智能农机装备针对大豆、玉米、水稻三大作物全流程无人化作业的第一次集中展示，标志着碧桂园在无人化农场领域迈出了重要一步，为下一步构建主要农作物种植生产全流程无人化作业和无人化农场建设运营的系统解决方案打下了坚实基础。

It is understood that this is the domestic and foreign advanced intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment for soybean, corn, rice three crops whole process of unmanned operation for the first time, marked the country garden in the field of unmanned farm, for the next step to build the main crop planting production process of unmanned operations and unmanned farm construction operation system solutions laid a solid foundation.

北大荒集团建三江分公司与碧桂园农业宣布将整合多方优势资源，在黑龙江建三江共同打造全球首个超万亩的无人化农场试验示范项目。值得一提的是，这也是全球首个由实力龙头企业牵头实施，从现代化大农场应用场景的实际需求出发，系统集成整合多方优质资源、实现全流程无人化作业的无人化农场项目。

Jiansanjiang Branch of Beidahuang Group and Country Garden Agriculture announced that they will integrate various superior resources to jointly build the world's first unmanned farm experimental demonstration project of more than 10,000 mu in Jiangsanjiang, Heilongjiang Province. It is worth mentioning that this is also the first unmanned farm project led by a leading enterprise. Based on the actual needs of modern large farm application scenarios, the system integrates multiple high-quality resources and realizes the whole process of unmanned operation.

项目实施近一年来已经初步取得了系列成果，先后有17家国内外农机生产制造企业，共39台（件）农机设备参加了田间作业试验示范，完成了玉米大豆水稻三大农作物单机无人驾驶田间作业耕种（插）管收运五大环节20多个作业项目的试验示范任务，预计秋季作业结束时，全年累计可完成田间作业面积1.6万亩。

Project implementation for nearly a year has achieved preliminary series achievements, has 17 domestic and foreign agricultural machinery manufacturing enterprises, a total of 39 (pieces) agricultural machinery equipment participated in the field experiment, completed the corn soybean rice three crops single unmanned field farming (plug) tube collector five links more than 20 project test demonstration task, is expected at the end of the autumn operation, the year can complete field operation area of 16000 mu.

C、位于剑河县南明镇的贵州省首个水稻“无人农场”迎丰收。秋收稻谷，农场用上了新科技——无人驾驶收割机。搭载了基于北斗卫星导航的无人驾驶系统，通过定位、规划、控制，即可实现全程无人化作业。相当于给农机装上了智慧“大脑”，农机手只需轻轻操作屏幕，就能远程操控无人驾驶收割机进行水稻收割、脱粒、卸粮等无人化作业。

C. The first rice "unmanned farm" in Guizhou Province, located in Nanming Town, Jianhe County, welcomed the harvest. Autumn harvest rice, the farm used the new technology —— unmanned harvester. Equipped with an unmanned system based on Beidou satellite navigation, the whole unmanned operation can be realized through positioning, planning and control. It is equivalent to installing an intelligent "brain" on agricultural machinery. They only need to gently operate the screen, and they can remotely control the unmanned harvester, such as rice harvesting, threshing and

剑河县以5000亩水稻全程机械化种植为示范，不断加大农业科技运用水平，实现水稻种植从播种到植保到收获，全程机械化、部分无人化作业，实现工作效率和经济效益双提高。

Jianhe County takes the whole mechanization planting of 5000 mu of rice as a demonstration, and continuously increases the application level of agricultural science and technology, realizing the whole mechanization of rice planting from sowing to plant protection to harvest, and realizing the improvement of work efficiency and economic benefits.

在这里，天上飞着无人机、地上跑着大农机，成为了现实，农机装备水平的不断提升，农机作业服务的提质扩面，为保障国家粮食安全和重要农产品供给、提升农业经营效益和竞争力发挥了重要作用。

Here, with drones flying in the sky and large agricultural machinery running on the ground, it has become a reality. The continuous improvement of the level of agricultural machinery equipment, and the quality and expansion of agricultural machinery operation services have played an important role in ensuring national food security and the supply of important agricultural products, and improving the efficiency of agricultural operation and competitiveness.

D、近日，华南农业大学增城教研科学基地，中国工程院院士、华南农业大学教授、广东农村科技特派员罗锡文团队的水稻无人农场喜获丰收。“我们的水稻无人农场已经实现耕、种、管、收的全程全面机械化，未来该项技术有望推广至全国各地。”

Recently, South China Agricultural University Zengcheng teaching and research science base, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, professor of South China Agricultural University, Guangdong rural science and technology correspondent Luo Xiwen team of unmanned rice farm harvest."Our unmanned rice farm has realized the full mechanization of farming, planting, management and harvesting, and the technology is expected to be extended to all parts of the country in the future.”

华南农业大学水稻无人农场已经出产了首批大米，这批大米的耕、种、管、收均由无人驾驶的农机完成。采用无人驾驶旋耕机完成土地耕整；采用无人驾驶水稻旱直播机进行水稻播种；之后采用无人驾驶高地隙喷雾机和无人直升机完成了施肥和施药等作业；由无人驾驶收获机和运粮车协同完成收获作业，在收获现场，专家组采用五点抽样法测产，无人农场的水稻理论亩产量为558.6公斤。

The unmanned rice farm of South China Agricultural University has produced the first batch of rice, and the cultivation, planting, management and harvesting of the rice are all completed by unmanned agricultural machinery. Unmanned rotary tiller is used to complete the land; unmanned rice roller for rice sowing, and unmanned aerial harvester and unmanned helicopter to complete the harvest operation, and the expert group uses five-point sampling method to measure the yield, and the theoretical per mu yield of rice in the unmanned farm is 558.6 kg.
“无人农场能把作业人员从繁重的驾驶操作中解放出来，大大提高了作业效率。”罗锡文介绍说，无人农场是实现智慧农业的一种途径，包括耕种管收生产环节全覆盖，机库田间转移作业全自动，自动避障异况停车保安全，作物生产过程实时全监控，智能决策精准作业全无人五大特点。在无人农场，旋耕机、拖拉机等机械，按照设计好的程序，自己从机库开到田间作业再回到机库，轻松将农活完成，全程实现无人化。

"Unmanned farms can free operators from heavy driving operations, greatly improving operational efficiency."Luo Xiwen said that unmanned farm is a way to realize smart agriculture, including full coverage of farming and harvesting production links, automatic hangar field transfer operation, automatic obstacle avoidance and different conditions to ensure safety, real-time full monitoring of crop production process, intelligent decision-making and accurate operation of all unmanned five characteristics. In the unmanned farm, rotary tiller, tractor and other machinery, according to the designed procedures, fromthe hangar to the field work and then back to the hangar, easily complete the farm work, the whole process of unmanned.

“十四五”时期我国无人农场的发展对策

The development countermeasures of unmanned farms in China during the 14th Five-Year Plan period

经过多年的政策布局和项目实施，我国的无人农场呈现了良好的发展势头。“十四五”期间，为进一步推动无人农场的发展，需要不断完善无人农场基础理论，加强关键技术和实用产品研发，积极探索无人农场发展商业模式，进一步优化和完善无人农场政策环境。

After years of policy layout and project implementation, China's unmanned farms have shown a good momentum of development. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, in order to further promote the development of unmanned farms, it is necessary to constantly improve the basic theory of unmanned farms, strengthen the research and development of key technologies and practical products, actively explore the business model of the development of unmanned farms, and further optimize and improve the policy environment of unmanned farms.

a、加强无人农场基础理论、关键技术和实用产品研发

We will strengthen the research and development of basic theories, key technologies and practical products of unmanned farms

无人农场是新生事物，无人农场的基础理论关键技术有许多问题值得进一步深入探索。当前迫切需要加强农业传感器、动植物表型及生长优化调控模型、自主作业机器人等卡脖子技术的研发；在农机无人驾驶、无人机、无人猪场、无人鸡场、无人渔 场等数字化基础好、可控性强的领域进行率先尝试，通过技术转让、联合开发、委托开发和共建研发基地、产业化中试基地等手段，促进无人农场技术试验示范与产业化发展。

Unmanned farm is a new thing, and there are many problems in the basic theory of unmanned farm worth further exploration. At present, it is urgent to strengthen the research and development of bottleneck technologies such as agricultural sensors, animal and plant phenotype and growth optimization regulation model, independent operation robot; take the lead in the areas with good digital foundation and strong controllability such as unmanned agricultural machinery, unmanned pig farm, unmanned chicken farm, unmanned fishing farm, and promote theexperimental demonstration and industrialization development of unmanned farms through technology transfer, joint development, commissioned development and joint development base and industrialization pilot base.

b、编制无人农场发展规划

Formulate an unmanned farm development plan

围绕无人农场技术研发、转化、推广、应用和服务过程中的重大问题，做好顶层设计，制定无人农场在农业主导产业和特色区域的发展方向、重点领域、发展模式及推进路径，合理布局无人农场重大应用示范和产业化项目，强化政府对无人农场工作的宏观指导和统筹协调，集聚项目、资金、科技、人才等资源，促进无人农场的应用发展。

Around no farm technology research and development, transformation, promotion, application and major issues in the process of service, completes the top design, develop no farm in agricultural leading industry and characteristic area development direction, key areas, development mode and path, reasonable layout no farm major application demonstration and industrialization projects, strengthen the government to no farm work macro guidance and overall coordination, agglomeration projects, capital, science and technology, talent resources, promote the development of the application of no farm.

c、探索无人农场发展商业模式

Explore business models to develop unmanned farms

无人农场最终都要商业化、企业化，要充分发挥协会、联盟、企业的作用，构建以应用需求为牵引，以企业为主体，以市场需求为导向、产学研相结合的无人农场合作发展模式，鼓励大型农业龙头企业积极探索。

Unmanned farms should eventually be commercialized and enterprise. We should give full play to the role of associations, alliances and enterprises, build a cooperative development mode of unmanned farms with application demand as the traction, enterprises as the main body, market demand as the guidance and the combination of industry, university and research, and encourage large agricultural leading enterprises to actively explore.

d、进一步优化和完善无人农场政策环境

Further optimize and improve the policy environment for unmanned farms

无人农场是我国战略性新兴产业，是未来发展趋势，在当前技术和商业模式尚不成熟的条件下，其成本高、投入大，因此需要政府构建无人农场发展的政策支持环境，加快制订包括补贴、投资、金融、信贷、税收、重大项目建设等政策支撑体系，鼓励民营资本进入，促进无人农场产业化发展。

No farm is a strategic emerging industry in China, is the future development trend, in the current technology and business model is not mature, its high cost, investment, so the need to government build no farm development policy support environment, speed up the formulation including subsidies, investment, finance, credit, tax, major projects policy support system, encourage private capital to enter, promote the development of unmanned farm industrialization.