智慧农业的过去与未来趋势(中英双语)

随着科学技术的发展和农业生产的需要，传统农业逐渐向智慧农业转变，是当今“三农”问题发展的基本趋势，也是未来趋势。本文将梳理我国智慧农业发展历程及存在问题，分析智慧农业未来趋势，以供参考。

With the development of science and technology and the needs of agricultural production, traditional agriculture has gradually changed to smart agriculture, which is the basic trend of the development of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", and also the future trend. This paper will sort out the development process and existing problems of smart agriculture in China, and analyze the future trend of smart agriculture for its reference.

1. 智慧农业发展历程

1. The development process of smart agriculture

智慧农业在跟随着农业产业和信息技术的发展过程中一共经历了四个阶段：

Smart agriculture has gone through four stages in the development process of agricultural industry and information technology:

第一阶段是精准农业，精准农业与传统农业有很大差别，传统农业是通过信息技术以此定位空间产生的变异，并以此为基础以固定和定量的方式实施一整套现代农业技术和管理系统。

The first stage is precision agriculture, which is very different from traditional agriculture. Traditional agriculture is the mutation of information technology, and implements a set of modern agricultural technology and management system in a fixed and quantitative way.

第二阶段是数字农业，现代信息技术的使用可以把农业当做生产目标，对现代农业生产模式进行信息化管理。数字农业是在精准农业基础上将农业和信息技术相融合的一种农业技术，其对于改变以往的传统农业、转变过去生产方式均具有重要意义。

The second stage is digital agriculture. The use of modern information technology can take agriculture as the production goal and carry out information management of modern agricultural production mode. Digital agriculture is an agricultural technology that integrates agriculture and information technology on the basis of precision agriculture, which is of great significance to change the past traditional agriculture and change the past production mode.

第三阶段是“互联网+”农业，“互联网+”农业是伴随着互联网的出现而新生出的概念。此外，数字农业也将全方位升级，将互联网技术与一些农业必要环节相结合，如农业生产、加工、营销等环节。生产方式是一种集科学化、信息化、智能化相结合的农业技术。

The third stage is "Internet +" agriculture, and "Internet +" agriculture is a new concept along with the emergence of the Internet. In addition, digital agriculture will also be upgraded in all aspects, combining Internet technology with some necessary agricultural links, such as agricultural production, processing, marketing and other links. Production mode is a kind of scientific, information and intelligent agricultural technology.

第四阶段是智慧农业，智慧农业是一种成熟的农业生产模式，其包含了精准农业、数字农业、“互联网+”农业等内容。

The fourth stage is smart agriculture. Smart agriculture is a mature agricultural production mode, which includes precision agriculture, digital agriculture, "Internet +" agriculture and other contents.

2. 智慧农业的意义

2. The significance of smart agriculture

1)智慧农业能够改善农业生态环境。农业生态环境包括农业用地、鱼塘、牲畜牧场等。智慧农业的发展可以有效降低或解决农业产业发展过程中对环境造成的负面影响，从而改善农村生态环境。农业生产单位和其周围环境等往往被视为一个小的生产单元，从而能够计算单元内能量循环和物质交换，并根据计算结果进行最优化的农业生产，确保农业生态环境和农业生产和谐共处。例如，如何让农作物生长期施肥但又不造成土壤污染，牲畜排出的粪便不污染水和大气，这些问题需要通过量化加以解决。

1) Smart agriculture can improve the agricultural ecological environment. Agricultural ecological environment includes agricultural land, fish ponds, livestock pasture, etc. The development of smart agriculture can effectively reduce or solve the negative impact on the environment in the process of agricultural industry development, so as to improve the rural ecological environment. Agricultural production units and their surrounding environment are often regarded as a small production unit, so that they can calculate the energy cycle and material exchange withinthe unit, and optimize the agricultural production according to the calculation results, so as to ensure the harmonious coexistence of agricultural ecological environment and agricultural production. For example, how to fertilize crops during the growing period without causing soil pollution, and the excrement from livestock does not pollute the water and air, these problems need to be addressed through quantification.

2)智慧农业可以提高农业生产效率。农业生产中的传感器技术不断发展，实时监控变得越来越精确，通过使用数据挖掘、云计算等技术，在农业生产和农业管理中增加了指令分析和设备管理，使机器取代农民成为农业的主要劳动力。这不仅解决了农业生产中出现的劳动力短缺问题，而且还实现了集约化、工业化和高度化的农业生产。

continues to develop, and real-time monitoring is becoming more and more accurate. Through the use of data mining, cloud computing and other technologies, instruction analysis and equipment management are added to agricultural production and agricultural management, so that machines replace farmers as the main labor force in agriculture. This not only solves the problem of labor shortage in agricultural production, but also realizes intensive, industrialized and highly industrialized agricultural production.

3. 智慧农业未来趋势

3. Future trend of smart agriculture

趋势一：低成本

Trend 1: low cost

一套智慧农业设备至少几十万或者上百万，一个农民数10年的收入或许也就这么点钱。因此，低成本的智慧农业设备将受到更多农民的喜爱——换而言之，低成本将是智慧农业的趋势之一。

A set of smart agriculture equipment at least hundreds of thousands or millions, a farmer's several 10 years of income may be so little money. Therefore, low-cost smart agriculture equipment will be favored by more farmers. —— In other words, low-cost will be one of the trends of smart agriculture.

趋势二：简易操作

Trend 2: Easy operation

从事传统农业的农人朋友们一听到互联网、计算机就觉得头晕，甚至会想：“我初中还没毕业，让我去操作电脑、计算机，你这不是折腾人么?”

Farmers engaged in traditional agriculture, the computer friends heard the Internet feel dizzy, and even think: " I have not graduated from junior high school, let me to operate the computer, computer, you this is not toss people?”

众所周知，智慧农业的根本是服务农业、服务农民，而不是让农人觉得折腾人，所以易操作、易学、不用动脑子的智能设备将会在农村走俏——这是智慧农业发展的必然趋势。

As we all know, the essence of smart agriculture is to serve agriculture and farmers, rather than making farmers feel uncomfortable, so easy to operate, learn, dless smart devices will be popular in rural areas —— This is the inevitable trend of the development of smart agriculture.

趋势三：专家们会参与生产

Trend 3: Experts will be involved in the production

专家们会参与生产，这是智慧农业为传统农业带来的一大改变。不管专家们是否在办公室，他们的知识和智慧还是值得参考的。

农民朋友们可以把种植、养殖过程中遇到的问题用直播的方式发给专家们看，让专家们来帮助分析。

Experts will participate in production, which is a big change that smart agriculture has brought to traditional agriculture. Whether the experts are in the office or not, their knowledge and wisdom are worth reference. Farmers can send the problems encountered in the process of planting and breeding to the experts in the way of live broadcast, and let the experts to help analyze them.

趋势四：协作加强

Trend 4: Strengthen collaboration

智慧农业将会让分工更加明确。农民干好自己的事情，把其他的事情交给专家们就行了——当然，这里的协作、反馈将会更加频繁。

Smart agriculture will make the division of labor more clear.—— Of course, the collaboration and feedback here will be more frequent.

趋势五：可视化占主流

Trend 5: Visualization is the dominant trend

随着人们生活水平提高，消费者们都想买放心农产品，这种“放心”包括了解这些蔬菜是不是打了农药、打了多少农药，乃至通过视频的方式去了解这个农产品的“身世”。

With the improvement of people's living standards, consumers all want to buy safe agricultural products. This "reassuring" includes knowing whether these vegetables are treated with pesticides, how many pesticides, and even understanding the "origin" of this agricultural products through video.

趋势六：整合性的智慧农业

Trend 6: Integrated smart agriculture

这个时代都在讲究整合、跨界，貌似不把对方整合了就活不下去了似的，不玩个跨界都不好意思活在世上——这听上去像是“无稽之谈”，但其实有它的道理。因为不可否认的是智慧农业的深度、宽度都会有其他行业的影子，比如都市智慧农业、旅游农业，所以智慧农业的发展少不了“整合性”三个字。

In this era, we are paying attention to integration, crossover, it seems not to integrate the other side can not live like, do not play a crossover are embarrassed to live in the world —— this sounds like "nonsense", but in fact has its reason. Because it is undeniable that the depth and width of smart agriculture will have the shadow of other industries, such as urban smart agriculture and tourism agriculture, the development of smart agriculture must be "integration".

趋势七：营销类的智慧农业

Trend 7: Smart agriculture of the marketing category

能帮助卖产品的智能设备是最受欢迎的设备。智慧农业就是要解放生产力、提高效率，让产品卖得更快、农民致富更快。这才是智慧农业的发展之根本。

Smart devices that can help sell their products are the most popular devices. Smart agriculture is to liberate productivity and improve efficiency, so that products can sell faster and farmers can get rich faster. This is the foundation of the development of smart agriculture.

趋势八：无人农场将逐步普及

Trend 8: Unmanned farms will gradually become popular

在“农林牧副渔”垂直行业落地深耕，将在细分垂直领域进一步普及推广，全面赋能传统产业，加速形成一批“平台+行业”优质解决方案，提高行业整体资源配置效率，加速培育网络化协同、个性化定制、按需服务、数据共享等新模式新业态，实现行业企业的创新发展。

In "sideline fishery" vertical industry ground deep, will further popularization in niche vertical promotion, comprehensive assigned to traditional industries, accelerate the formation of a batch of "platform + industry" high quality solutions, improve the efficiency of industry overall resource allocation, accelerate cultivating network collaborative, personalization, on-demand services, data sharing and other new mode of new forms, realize the innovation and development of industry enterprises.

无人农场是在人不进入农场的情况下，采用物联网、大数据、人工智能、5G、机器人等新一代信息技术，通过对农场设施、装备、机械等远程控制，或通过智能装备及机器人自主决策、自主作业，完成所有农场生产、管理任务，是一种全天候、全过程、全空间的无人化生产作业模式，其本质是实现机器换人。

No farm is in the case of people do not enter the farm, the Internet of things, big data, artificial intelligence, 5G, robot, such as a new generation of information technology, through the farm facilities, equipment, machinery, such as remote control, or through the intelligent equipment and robot autonomous decision, autonomous operation, all farm production, management tasks, is a kind of all-weather, whole process, whole space unmanned production mode, its essence is to realize the machine substitution.

无人农场是现代农业建设的最重要内容之一，中国工程院院士罗锡文用了高度概括的五句话来描述无人农场：“耕种管收生产环节全覆盖；机库田间转移作业全自动；自动避障异况停车保安全；作物生产过程实施全监控；智能决策精准作业全无人。”

作为最先进农业生产力的象征，“无人农场”是进军全球未来农业发展制高点的重要手段。

Unmanned farm is one of the most important contents of modern agricultural construction. Luo Xiwen, academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, used a highly summarized five sentences to describe unmanned farm: " Full coverage of farming and harvesting production link; automatic hangar field transfer operation; automatic obstacle avoidance and safety; full monitoring of crop production process, and intelligent decision-making and accurate operation.” As a symbol of the most advanced agricultural productivity, "unmanned farm" is an important meansto enter the commanding heights of global future agricultural development.

农业农村部农业农村信息化专家咨询委员会副主任委员、中国农业大学教授李道亮表示，从现在开始布局无人农场技术研发、模式集成、商业机制、支撑政策，对加速推进我国现代农业发展意义重大。

Li Daoliang, vice chairman of the Expert Advisory Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and a professor of China Agricultural University, said that the layout of the unmanned farm technology research and development, model integration, business mechanism and support policies is of great significance to accelerate the development of modern agriculture in China.