我国自动驾驶农机市场呈高速增长态势(中英双语)

从2018年开始，农业农村部、财政部将农业终端北斗系统纳入全国农机购置财政资金补贴目录范围，这一方面标志着我国在农用拖拉机驾驶操作和农机具作业中，己进入了引导推广使用农机自动驾驶导航操作和农机作业面积、质量智能信息化监测的新阶段；另一方面，这也预示着拖拉机驾驶自动导航系统，将成为拖拉机尤其是大马力拖拉机作业中必备的辅助智能工具。自此，我国自动驾驶农机呈高速增长态势，对智慧农业产生强有力的推动。

Since 2018, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Finance have incorporated the Beidou system into the national agricultural terminal in the scope of the purchase of agricultural machinery; on the other hand, it also indicates that the tractor driving will become the necessary auxiliary intelligent tool for tractors, especially high-speed tractors. Since then, China's autonomous driving agricultural machinery has shown a rapid growth trend, which has produced a strong impetus for smart agriculture.

据媒体报道，2020年1—6月，我国累计销售各类自动驾驶农机装备和系统1.17万余台套，同比增长213%。这一态势延续至今。2021年我国农机自动导航驾驶系统补贴销售2.12万台。各省区农机购置补贴公示数据显示，我国38个统计省区单位，有农用北斗终端及辅助驾驶系统（含渔船用）销量的有16个自动驾驶农机，北大荒销量最大，达到5200台，全国占比达到45.61%；新疆生产建设兵团销量3300台，名列各省区销量第二，新疆销量也超过1400台，名列第三。

According to media reports, from January to June 2020, China sold more than 11,700 sets of all types of autonomous driving agricultural machinery and systems, up 213 percent year on year. This trend continues to this day. In 2021, China's agricultural machinery automatic navigation and driving system subsidy sales of 21,200 units. According to the public data of agricultural machinery purchase subsidy, 16 agricultural Beidou terminals and auxiliary driving system (including fishing boats) agricultural machinery sold the largest, reaching 5200 units, accounting for45.61% of the national total; Xinjiang Corps sold 3300 units, ranking the second among all provinces and Xinjiang exceeded 1400 units, ranking the third.

另据农业农村部统计，截至2021年底,以北斗、5G等信息技术为支撑的智能农机装备进军生产一线，加装北斗卫星导航的拖拉机、联合收割机超过60万台，植保无人机保有量97931架，同比增长39.22%。

In addition, according to the statistics of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, by the end of 2021, intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment supported by Beidou, 5G and other information technologies had entered the production line, with more than 600,000 Beidou satellite navigation tractors and combine harvesters, and the number of plant protection drones was 97,931, up 39.22% year on year.

其他省区销量呈加速增长势头，其中内蒙古、江苏、青岛、浙江和山东5个省区销量均超过180台。实践证明，安装了农机自动驾驶导航操作装备的农机，可以降低农药化肥使用30%以上，提升作业效率50%以上，在农作物耕种收生产中发挥了积极作用。

Sales in other provinces and regions accelerated, with Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu, Qingdao, Zhejiang and Shandong provinces all selling more than 180 units. Practice has proved that the installation of agricultural machinery automatic driving navigation operation equipment can reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers by more than 30%, improve the operation efficiency by more than 50%, playing a positive role in crop cultivation and production.

2022年装备北斗终端的国产农机在全年粮食生产中发挥了重要作用。在夏收时节和秋粮收获阶段，分别有5万多台和1.2万台基于北斗的收割机跨区作业，区域覆盖了黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古、河北、河南、山东、安徽等小麦、水稻和玉米主产区，所形成的2000万亿条北斗农机大数据，有力支撑了跨区作业顺利实施，显著提升了农业生产效率。截至2022年底，河北、吉林、黑龙江、新疆等地区在农业领域累计推广应用北斗终端约30万台/套。其中，在新疆使用北斗自动驾驶拖拉机播种棉花，每天可作业600亩以上，提升土地使用效率10%，全疆棉花机采率已达80%。

Domestic agricultural machinery equipped with the Beidou terminal in 2022 plays an important role in the annual grain production. In the summer harvest season and autumn grain harvest stage, there are more than 50000 and 12000 units based on beidou harvester inter-regional operation, area covers the Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Anhui and other wheat, rice and corn production, formed by the 2000 trillion beidou agricultural machinery big data, strong support the inter-district operation smooth implementation, significantlyimprove the agricultural production efficiency. By the end of 2022, Hebei, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang and other regions had applied about 300,000 Beidou terminals in the agricultural sector. Among them, the use of Beidou autonomous tractors in Xinjiang can operate more than 600 mu per day, improving the land use efficiency by 10%, and the cotton acquisition rate in Xinjiang has reached 80%.

据不完全统计，全国已有13个省份启动了26个无人农场的建设，节本增效显著，亩产平均提高30%，劳动成本降低60%，农机作业效率提高50%，能耗节约50%，有效提高了农业生产的效率以及信息化、现代化、智慧化水平。

According to incomplete statistics, 13 provinces in China have started the construction of 26 unmanned farms, which have significantly saved cost and increased efficiency, increased the average per-mu yield by 30%, reduced labor costs by 60%, agricultural machinery operation efficiency by 50% and energy consumption by 50%, effectively improving the efficiency of agricultural production and the level of informatization, modernization and wisdom.

据不完全统计，截至2022年底，在农业领域已累计推广应用各类北斗终端接近160万台/套，全年作业面积达6000万亩以上。其中，应用农机自动驾驶系统超过17万台/套，应用远程维护及定位终端超过133万台/套，应用渔船用船载终端设备超过9万台/套。

According to incomplete statistics, by the end of 2022, nearly 1.6 million sets of various Beidou terminals had been applied in the agricultural field, and the annual operating area has reached more than 60 million mu. Among them, there are more than 170,000 sets of agricultural machinery autonomous driving systems, more than 1.33 million sets of remote maintenance and positioning terminals, and more than 90,000 sets of shipterminal equipment used for fishing boats.

中国北斗卫星导航系统BeiDou Navigation Satellite System，简称BDS，目前基于北斗系统的农机自动驾驶系统销售量超过10万台/套。由国家农机装备创新中心牵头发起，清华大学天津高端装备研究院洛阳先进制造产业研发基地联合打造的中国首台5G+氢燃料电动拖拉机于2021年在河南省洛阳正式发布。此设备的研制成功，无疑表明我国新型智能化农机装备设计及制造方面又迈出了一大步。

China's Beidou Navigation Satellite System BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, BDS for short, the sales volume of agricultural machinery autonomous driving system based on the Beidou system currently exceeds 100,000 units per set. Led by the National Agricultural Machinery Equipment Innovation Center and jointly built by Tsinghua University Tianjin Advanced Manufacturing Industry Research and Development Base, China was officially released in Luoyang, Henan Province in 2021. The successful development of this equipment undoubtedly shows that the design andmanufacturing of new intelligent agricultural machinery equipment in China has taken a big step.

通常来讲，农机自动驾驶系统是集卫星接收、定位、控制于一体的综合性系统，主要由基准站、GNSS天线、北斗/GNSS M300接收机、显示器、控制器、液压阀、角度传感器等部分组成。

Generally speaking, the agricultural machinery automatic driving system is a comprehensive system integrating satellite receiving, positioning and control. It is mainly composed of base station, GNSS antenna, Beidou / GNSS M300 receiver, display, controller, hydraulic valve, Angle sensor and other parts.

作业拖拉机根据位置传感器(GNSS卫星导航系统等)设计好的行走路线，控制器根据卫星定位的坐标及车轮的转动情况，实时向液压控制阀发送指令，通过控制液压系统油量的流量和流向，控制农机(拖拉机)的行驶，确保车辆按照导航显示器设定的路线行驶。安装自动驾驶导航系统，已是发达国家农机智能化必需的智能设备，大型农机特别是大型拖拉机必要装备。

For the tractor, according to the position sensor (GNSS satellite navigation system, etc.), the controller sends instructions to the hydraulic control valve according to the flow and flow of the hydraulic system and controls the driving of agricultural machinery (tractor) to ensure that the vehicle travels according to the route set by the navigation display. The installation of automatic driving navigation system has become a necessary intelligent equipment for intelligent agricultural machinery in developed countries, and necessary for large agricultural machinery, especially large tractors.

在美国，凯斯、约翰迪尔等企业生产制造的100马力以上大马力拖拉机，在出厂之前就已经配置农机自动导航系统，供用户选择。我国多个省份已出台针对农机自动导航驾驶系统的专门补贴，新型应用已在研究探索之中。借助政策支持，我国自动驾驶农机已初步形成比较完善的产业链体系，北斗导航设备、激光雷达、计算平台等上游企业与中游自动驾驶系统商紧密合作，为下游农机主机厂商配套自动驾驶系统，已部分地区批量应用。

enterprises produced more than 100 horsepower horsepower tractors, before the factory has been equipped with agricultural machinery automatic navigation system, for users to choose. Many provinces in China have issued special subsidies for the automatic navigation and driving system of agricultural machinery, and new applications are in the process of research and exploration. With the help of policy support, China's autonomous driving agricultural machinery has initially formed a relatively complete industrial chain system. Upstream enterprises such as Beidou navigation equipment, lidar and computing platforms cooperate closely with midstream autonomous driving system manufacturers to support autonomous driving systems for downstream agricultural machinery host manufacturers, which has been applied in batches in some regions.

国内一些农机制造企业立足用户需求，也积极研发制造功能全、质量优的农机装备。例如，中国一拖。目前，中国一拖已全面完成拖拉机无人驾驶系统的研发，中国一拖全系列拖拉机、收获机械产品均完成了自动驾驶、工况检测功能的验证，并开始在新疆、湖北、黑龙江等区域全面铺开推广。

needs, but also actively research and development manufacturing function, high quality of agricultural machinery equipment. For example, China delays itself. At present, China Yituo has fully completed the research and development of tractor unmanned driving system, and the whole series of tractors and harvesting machinery products have completed the verification of automatic driving and working condition detection functions, and started to spread in Xinjiang, Hubei, Heilongjiang and other regions.

借助物联网、大数据、云计算、自动驾驶等前沿技术，可以促进拖拉机、播种机等农机装备实现高精度作业、高效系统规划调度。多种系统、平台、软件等的应用，也正为提升农业生产管理水平、促进农业从传统作业向精准作业转变、农业企业从粗放管理向精细化管理升级，提供有力的技术支撑。

cloud computing and autonomous driving, agricultural machinery and equipment such as tractors and planters can be promoted to realize high-precision operation and efficient system planning and scheduling. The application of various systems, platforms, software and other applications is also providing strong technical support for improving the level of agricultural production management, promoting the transformation of agriculture from traditional operations to precise operations, and the upgrading of agricultural enterprises from extensive management to fine management.

展望未来，政府、科技企业、农机装备制造商等可联起手来，积极推进农业全过程无人作业试验逐步向实用阶段的转移，实现无人农机作业的商业化应用和市场的快速普及。而行驶在田间地头的自动驾驶农机装备，本来就是智慧农业蓬勃发展的一大体现。

technology enterprises, agricultural machinery and equipment manufacturers can join hands to actively promote the transfer of unmanned agricultural unmanned operation experiment to the practical stage, and realize the commercial application of unmanned agricultural machinery operation and the rapid popularization of the market. And driving in the field of autonomous driving agricultural machinery and equipment, is originally a major embodiment of the vigorous development of smart agriculture.