农机智能化和智慧农业应用及发展趋势

With the acceleration of agricultural modernization development, agricultural equipment and technology also progress, at the same time, intelligent agricultural machinery has become an inevitable trend of modern agriculture development. As a new type of agriculture, agricultural machinery intelligence and intelligent agriculture can not only improve the performance of agricultural machinery and agricultural production efficiency to a certain extent, but also can effectively meet the needs of social development and promote the road of sustainable development of agriculture. Based on this, on the basis of the intelligent development

随着农业现代化发展步伐的加快，农业装备技术也随之进步，同时，智能化农机也成为现代农业发展的必然趋势。农机智能化和智能农业作为一种新型农业，既可在一定程度上提高农机性能及农业生产效率，还可有效满足社会发展需求，推动农业走可持续发展之路。基于此，文章在农机智能化发展的基础上，综合阐述发展智慧农业的必要性，并提出促进智慧农业应用发展的具体策略，希望能为相关人员提供参考性建议。

agricultural farming mode has been unable to meet the needs of modern agricultural development. Therefore, intelligent agricultural machinery is gradually applied to agricultural production links, which has a positive effect on improving agricultural production efficiency and developing energy-saving agriculture. Therefore, in the process of agricultural development in the future, it is the most important thing to develop intelligent agriculture represented by the intelligence of agricultural machinery. Only in this way can it meet the needs of social development, so thatagriculture and the Internet can better integrate together, gradually upgrade agricultural machinery and equipment, and promote the vigorous development of intelligent agriculture.

近年来，随着农业生产力及生产水平的迅猛提升，传统农业耕作模式已无法适应现代农业发展需求，为此，智能化农业机械逐渐应用于农业生产环节，对提高农业生产效率、发展节能型农业有着积极性作用。为此，在未来农业发展进程中，着力发展以农机智能化为代表的智慧农业最为关键，只有这样，才可吻合社会发展需求，使农业与互联网更好的融合在一起，逐步升级农机装备，促使智慧农业蓬勃发展。

1. The necessity of the application and development of intelligent agriculture based on intelligent agricultural machinery

1.基于农机智能化的智慧农业应用发展的必要性

In recent years, information technology has been widely used in all walks of life, which is given priority to with agricultural production, under the impetus of agricultural informatization, agricultural mechanization and comprehensive promotion and popularization, not only to a certain extent, liberate agricultural productivity, save human resources, also can change the traditional agricultural planting disadvantages, make agriculture into the era of wisdom development. Under the background of the growing development of agricultural intelligence, intelligent agriculture caneffectively improve the utilization rate of agricultural resources, improve the crop yield per mu, standardize the agricultural production mode on the basis of saving labor costs, and promote the improvement of the overall production efficiency.For example, in the application of beidou satellite navigation positioning autopilot intelligent seeding process, through many agricultural production, better complete soil preparation and sowing work, and the overall error control within 3cm, fundamentally solve the old planter sowing not straight, pick difficult problems, do not replay, not leakage, to improve the land comprehensive utilization, is the new seeding technology of agriculture.

近年来，信息技术已广泛应用于各行各业中，其中以农业生产为主，在农业信息化的推动下，农业机械化也全面推广与普及，不仅能在一定程度上解放农业生产力、节约人力资源，还可改变传统农业的种植弊端，使农业迈入智慧发展时代。在农业智能化日益发展的背景下，智慧农业可有效提高农业资源利用率，提高农作物单位亩产量，在节约人工成本的基础上，规范农业生产模式，促进整体生产效益的提升。例如，在应用北斗卫星导航定位自动驾驶智能化播种机的过程中，可贯穿诸多农业生产环节，更好的完成整地与播种工作，并將整体误差控制在3cm之内，从根本上解决老式播种机播不直、接茬难等问题，做到不重播、不漏播，为提高土地综合利用率奠定基础，是造福于农业的新型播种技术。

2. Measures for applying intelligent agricultural machinery to realize the development of intelligent agriculture

2.应用农机智能化实现智能农业发展的措施

1) Focus on research and development and innovation of intelligent agricultural machinery

1)注重研发与创新智能农机

In the process of the agricultural machinery intelligent development, do the most critical to scientific and technological innovation, at the same time, but also guarantee the adequacy of manpower and capital investment, and agricultural machinery intelligent operation, positioning navigation, variable operation technical research, fundamentally improve the production efficiency of agricultural machinery information, agricultural products to forestry and aquaculture penetration, for the whole agricultural production implement intelligent dynamicmanagement. Only in this way can the large-scale agricultural production be fundamentally realized, and on the basis of promoting the increase in income and efficiency of farmers, to further lay the foundation for the agricultural development level in the future.many other links of information and intelligent supervision. Not only that, but also can be installed on the large tractor automatic driving system, and on the waste processor with statistics, identification, analysis of intelligent control system, install automation control device on the rolling machine, make up for the traditional agricultural planting, optimize agricultural production equipment, make the intelligent production mode of agricultural machinery all popularization in the field of agricultural production.

在农机智能化发展进程中，做到科技创新最为关键，同时，还要保障人力及资金投入的充足性，做好与农机智能化运行、定位导航、变量作业等技术方面的研究，从根本上提高农机信息化生产效率，促使农产品向林业及水产养殖业渗透，对整个农业生产环节实施智能化动态管理。只有这样，才可从根本上实现农业规模化生产，在促使农户增收增效的基础上，为未来农业发展水平更进一步奠定基础。此外，科研部门还要积极研发与先进农业机械生产相关的信息装置，例如：传感器、采集器、控制器等，同时，可在部分信息装置上安装二维码标识，对农作物生产、播种、施肥、收割等诸多环节进行信息化、智能化监管。不仅如此，还可在大型拖拉机上安装自动驾驶系统，并在粪污处理器上加装统计、识别、分析等智能控制系统，在卷帘机上安装自动化控制装置，弥补传统农业种植弊端，优化农业生产设备，使农机智能化生产方式全方面普及于农业生产领域中。

2) Accelerate the integration of agricultural machinery and information technology

2)加速农机与信息技术的融合

Government departments should vigorously promote the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy, and promote the construction of agricultural machinery demonstration park to be fully carried out. At the same time, agricultural machinery cooperatives should be set up in various regions, so that the special funds of intelligent agricultural machinery subsidies can better serve agricultural production. Technicians can install Beidou navigation and intelligent monitoring system on large and medium-sized tractors, combine harvesters and plant anti-aircraft aircraft, which can be improved on the basis of the original intelligentinformation level of agricultural machinery.

standard farmland demonstration area and modern agriculture demonstration area, make the farmers see the economic benefits of large-scale production, and in the actual production range of precision farming technology, such as precision irrigation, fertilization, application, etc., encourage cucumber technology to popularize, further improve agricultural scale production efficiency, in reduce expenses at the same time, lay the foundation for farmers' income, efficiency. In the link of technology application, farmers should be actively encouraged to apply Internet technology, and e-commerce services can be carried out through Internet platforms to promote mobile phone clients to farmers in a wide range, improve the timeliness of farmers' ability to obtain agricultural machinery information, and then provide comprehensive and systematic comprehensive services for farmers.

政府部门要大力推行农机购置补贴政策，促使农机化示范园建设工作得以全面开展，同时，在各地区设立农机合作社，使智能化农机补贴专项资金更好的服务于农业生产。技术人员可在大中型拖拉机、联合收割机、植防飞机上加装北斗导航及智能监控系统，这可在原有农机智能化信息水平的基础上得以提升。另外，要着重发展大田种植业，鼓励各地区农户发展特色农业，并设立高标准农田示范区及现代农业示范区，使广大农户看到规模化生产的经济效益，并在实际生产环节大范围推广精准化种田技术，如精准灌溉、施肥、施药等，促使水肥一体化技术得以普及，进一步提升农业规模化生产效率，在减少费用支出的同时，为农户增收、增效奠定基础。在技术应用环节，还要积极鼓励农户应用互联网技术，可通过互联网平台开展电子商务服务，大范围向农户推广手机客户端，提高农户获取农机信息的时效性，进而为农户提供全面且系统的综合性服务。

3) Create and improve the comprehensive service platform for agricultural machinery informatization

3) 创建和健全农机信息化综合服务平台

In the process of developing smart agriculture, it is the key to improve and innovate the information service platform of agricultural machinery. Only by providing farmers with high-quality and comprehensive agricultural machinery information services can the long-term development of smart agriculture be promoted.

在发展智慧农业的过程中，健全、创新农机信息化服务平台很是关键，只有为农户提供优质、全面的农机信息服务，才可推进智慧农业的长远发展。

First, it is necessary to further improve the agricultural production and operation supervision service, command and dispatch system, and do a good job in agricultural machinery quality appraisal, management and maintenance, technology promotion and other related work, so as to lay a foundation for improving the planting efficiency of farmers.

其一，要进一步完善农业生产作业监管服务、指挥调度系统，做好农机质量鉴定、管理维修、技术推广等相关工作，为提高农户种植效益奠定基础。

Second, build and improve the big data application system of agricultural machinery service, and improve the timeliness of farmers to obtain information by providing information data service system. Specifically, in the context of the increasing development of the Internet, the development direction of agriculture needs to be integrated with the Internet. In order to complete this important and basic work, the construction of big data system is the key. Big data system mainly covers the collection, detection, operation, scheduling, and many other digitalmanagement services, formed in the whole process of data transmission, processing and application, the overall agricultural production regulation, scheduling, do a good job of agricultural product quality and maintenance appraisal, fundamentally improve the quality of agricultural production, promote the dual development of agricultural mechanization and intelligence.

其二，建设健全农机服务大数据应用系统，通过提供信息数据服务系统，提高农户获取信息的时效性。具体来讲，在互联网日益发展的背景下，农业的发展方向需要与互联网相融合，为完成这一项重要且基础性的工作，建设大数据系统很是关键。大数据系统主要涵盖采集、检测、运行、调度等诸多数字化管理服务，在整个过程中形成数据的传输、处理及应用，对农业整体生产环节进行监管、调度，做好农产品质量鉴定及农机维修工作，从根本上提高农业生产质量，推动农业机械化与智能化的双重发展。

Third, to agricultural machinery information resources and agricultural machinery scheduling service better together, as far as possible to achieve "net" and "picture", prompting agriculture walk the road of modernization development, on the basis of ensuring agricultural production efficiency, standardize agricultural planting mode, reasonable purchase of agricultural production device, to ensure that agricultural production tends to be standardized, scientific direction.

其三，要将农机信息资源与农机调度服务更好的结合在一起，尽可能实现“一张网”与“一张图”的融合，促使农业走现代化发展之路，在保障农业生产效率的基础上，规范农业种植模式，合理购进农业生产装置，确保农业生产趋向规范化、科学化方向发展。

4) Ensure the interconnection of agricultural machinery big data

4)确保互通互联农机大数据

In the process of intelligent development of agricultural machinery, scientific research department to production, study, research effectively together, and then better processing data resources, make up for the defects of agricultural information, on the basis of sound agricultural information system, make the agricultural information exchange, interconnection, sharing, eventually form a good situation of collaborative processing data resources, make intelligent agricultural machinery to in-depth research and development.

在农机智能化发展的进程中，科研部门要将产、学、研有效结合在一起，进而更好的处理数据资源，弥补农业信息存在的缺陷，在健全农业信息系统的基础上，使农业信息互通、互联、互享，最终形成协同处理数据资源的良好局面，使农机智能化得以深入研究和发展。

In addition, it should be combined with the 1 + 10 + N intelligent agriculture platform to fully highlight the application advantages of agricultural big data, and provide systematic services such as pest control, agricultural plant protection and meteorological customization for future agricultural production and operation, so as to solve the current situation of low agricultural production efficiency and low quality to a large extent. Not only that, but also improve the agricultural machinery comprehensive service platform index system, ensure the consistency of information data acquisitionterminal, optimize the data exchange interface and data quality, on the basis of existing agricultural information resources integration, through a series of agricultural service related platform, better docking agricultural production and agricultural machinery service work.

此外，还要与1+10+N智慧农业平台结合在一起，充分凸显农业大数据的应用优势，为农业未来生产及经营提供病虫害防治、农业植保、气象私人定制等系统化服务，进而在很大程度上解决当今农业生产效率不高、质量低等现状。不仅如此，还要健全完善农机全面服务平台指标系统，确保信息数据采集终端的一致性，优化数据交换接口及数据质量等共性指标，在现有农业信息资源的基础上加以整合，打通一系列与农业服务相关的平台，更好的对接农业生产及农机服务工作。

machinery, ensure the real-time sharing of agricultural machinery information resources, and fundamentally improve the quality of agricultural machinery production. In a word, under the background of big data information of communication, interconnection and mutual sharing, it can grasp the relevant dynamics in the field of agricultural production in real time, so as to better promote the development of smart agriculture, and finally steadily improve the comprehensive benefits of agricultural production.

一旦农业生产企业与农机企业得以有效衔接，就能做好农机大数据开发工作，确保农机信息资源实时共享，从根本上提高农机生产质量。总而言之，在互通、互联、互享的大数据信息背景下，能够实时掌握农业生产领域的相关动态，更好的推动智慧农业的发展，最终使农业生产综合效益稳定提升。

efficiency and production quality to the maximum, so that intelligent agricultural machinery can better replace human labor, truly realize the purpose of productivity liberation, and promote the sustainable development of agriculture. Under the premise of the implementation of the land transfer policy, the lack of agricultural labor force is increasingly prominent, which is the urgent development of intelligent agricultural machinery. Under the drive of smart agriculture, the future agriculture has a relatively broad development prospect.

综上所述，农机智能化和智慧农业的应用，可从最大限度上提高农业生产效率的及生产质量，使智能农机更好的取代人力劳动，真正实现生产力解放的目的，推进农业走可持续发展之路。在土地流转政策全方面实施的前提下，农业生产劳动力缺失等问题日益凸显，这就急需智能化农机的发展，在智慧农业的带动下，使未来农业拥有较为广阔的发展前景。