中国农机市场立体论:未来竞争的终极形态是否是寡头竞争?(中国农机市场立体论:未来竞争的终极形态是否是寡头竞争?(英))
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2、中国农机市场立体论:未来竞争的终极形态是否是寡头竞争?(英)
中国农机市场立体论:未来竞争的终极形态是否是寡头竞争? ♂
中国农机市场立体论:未来竞争的终极形态是否是寡头竞争?最近有不少农机企业来问笔者,未来中国的农机市场,是否真的像欧美一样,经过竞争洗牌,最后只剩下几家巨头,中小企业没有了生存空间。
就在昨天,又有一位拖拉机企业的老总问这个问题。
实际上,关于中国农机市场未来竞争的终极形态,笔者也一直在思考,向不同的专家请教,亲自去欧美等国家多次考察。
直到前不久,笔者遇到农机行业知名老专家高元恩先生,谈论起未来中国农机市场的时候,他给笔者解了惑。
高元恩的观点是,中国农机市场在很长一段时期内,将是立体化存在的。大企业有大企业的市场,中小企业也有中小企业的生存空间。
笔者反复思考,从感性上来说,中国农机市场立体论,应该是正确的。支撑立体论的要素至少有这样3个,即中国土地和种植模式的多样性、经营者水平以及农业生产本身对装备要求的特殊性。
首先,中国土地所涵盖的域度非常广,种植的作物种类和农艺模式又各有差异。所以,导致中国成为世界农机巨头最喜欢的市场,久保田、洋马能够发展,约翰迪尔、凯斯纽荷兰等也有市场空间。
其次,很长一段时期内,我国农业从业者的经营水平将会参差不齐,有不识字的莽汉,也有博士种田,他们对农业装备的理解和需求也千差万别。也因此,诸如世界农机巨头的产品也会出现滞销,夫妻店、小作坊的产品也有人敢买。
再次,农业对装备的需求,本身就有多品种、小批量的特性,加上我们国土面积大、经营者水平不一,对设备的需求就更加复杂。可以看到,市场上诸如电动果树修剪机、手动拔草机等有市场,四五百万的大型设备也有用武之地。
基于以上3个要素,笔者认为,中国农机市场立体化,将是长期存在的。但是,这并非中小农机企业就能很乐观地生存,大型农机企业也未必能恒久强势。
笔者建议,面对中国农机市场的立体化,无论大企业,还是中小企业,应寻求合理的生存空间,确定自身的风险边界。那么,具体如何做呢?
第一,采用避开战术。大企业不要和中小企业争利,中小企业不要和大企业“偷”市场。
这一点在欧洲发展的很好,以意大利为例,该国现有农机企业几百家,大企业专注于通用的标准化产品,中小企业要么到了供应链上,要么到了特殊产品市场,他们互相配合,将农机装备和农机化水平提升到一个很高的水平,相安无事几十年。
第二,使用合作策略。大企业有资金、渠道、管理等优势,中小企业有区域化、灵活等特点,两者结合,效能倍增。
这一点在日韩实践得优秀,以日本为例,他们国内的知名农机企业会为跨国巨头提供组装工厂和销售,大企业会将中小企业的产品纳入销售渠道,为终端用户提供整套设备的解决方案。他们的合作方式多种多样,有组装、贴牌、合作销售、合资和并购等。
当然,以上两点是笔者认为的在较长一段时期内的立体市场中的发展策略。如果往更长远的未来看,世界是趋同的,农机也不例外。
一方面,是巨头企业可以通过单品控制达到对细分领域的渗透,另一方面终端需求的改良以适应标准化生产。
所以,农机行业的终极形态,一样是走向寡头,但这个时间一定会非常漫长。在这个过程中,中小企业积累到一定程度,会去超越;同样,大企业如果不持续创新,也很容易折戟。
但终归结底,任何一个发展百年,或者立志发展百年的企业,一定是注重当前的同时,也在着手准备未来。
中国农机市场立体论:未来竞争的终极形态是否是寡头竞争?(英) ♂
中国农机市场立体论:未来竞争的终极形态是否是寡头竞争?(英)Mr. Gao Yuanen,a well-known old expert in agricultural machinery industry,thinks that China's agricultural machinery market will be three-dimensional for a long time. Large enterprises have the market of large enterprises,and small and medium-sized enterprises also have the living space of small and medium-sized enterprises.
The author thinks that there are three factors supporting three-dimensional theory of China's agricultural machinery market,that is diversity of land and planting patterns,level of operators,and particularity of equipment requirements of agricultural production itself.
First of all,China's land covers a wide range of areas,crop types and agronomic patterns vary. Therefore,China has become the favorite market of agricultural giant in the world. Secondly,the operation level of Chinese agricultural practitioners will be uneven for a long time. Their understanding and demand for agricultural equipment are also varied. Thirdly,agricultural demand for equipment has many varieties,small batch characteristics,coupled with our large land area,the level of operators is different,the demand for equipment is more complex.
Based on above 3 factors,the author believes that three-dimensional market of Chinese agricultural machinery will exist for a long time. However,this does not mean that small and medium-sized agricultural machinery enterprises can be very optimistic about survival,and large-scale agricultural machinery enterprises may not always be strong.
The author suggests that both large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises should seek a reasonable living space and determine their own risk boundaries. So how do we do it?
First,using avoidance tactics. Large enterprises should not compete with small and medium-sized enterprises. Small and medium-sized enterprises should not ‘steal’ market with big enterprises. Second, using cooperation strategy. Large enterprises have advantages of capital,channels and management. Small and medium-sized enterprises have characteristics of regionalization and flexibility. Combination of them is more effective.
Of course,above two points are the development strategies that auhtor believe are in the three dimensional market over a longer period. If we look at future in the longer term,the world is convergent,and agricultural machinery is no exception.
One side,giant enterprises can penetrate subdivision area through single product control. On the other hand,terminal requirements are improved to meet standardized production.
So,the ultimate form of agricultural machinery industry is towards oligarchy. But this time will be very long. In the process,small and medium-sized enterprises will go beyond when they accumulate to a certain extent. Similarly,large enterprises are also prone to halt their efforts if they do not continue to innovate.
But at last,any enterprise that has developed for 100 years or it determined to develop for 100 years,it must focus on the present while preparing for the future.
中国农机批发市场都分布在什么地方? ♂
中国农机批发市场都分布在什么地方?版权声明
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