American scientists: The \\\"five major directions\\\" of the future of agriculture(英中双语)

The National Academy of Sciences, the Academy of Engineering and the School of Medicine jointly released the topic:

Science Breakthroughs to Advance Food and Agricultural Research by 2030 The research report describes five urgent research directions in the agricultural field in the eyes of American scientists:

美国国家科学院、工程院和医学院联合发布了题为：

Science Breakthroughs to Advance Food and Agricultural Research by 2030的研究报告，描述了美国科学家眼中农业领域亟待突破的五大研究方向：

1. The whole thinking and the system cognitive analysis technology is the first premise to realize the breakthrough of agricultural science and technology

1.整体思维和系统认知分析技术是实现农业科技突破的首要前提

The agricultural system is a complex giant system, and it is difficult to rely on the "point" of technological breakthroughs to achieve the overall improvement. The report recommends using interdisciplinary research and systems approaches as preferences for addressing major critical issues. System cognition is to explore the way to solve the problem from the element composition, interaction mechanism and coupling action of the system."Mountains, rivers, forests, farmland, lakes and grasses are a community of life". The scientific breakthrough in the field ofagriculture must break through the single-element thinking, and think from the overall dimensions of resource utilization, operational efficiency, system flexibility and sustainability. China's agricultural ecological efficiency is not high, competitiveness is not strong, and ecological unsustainable problems are mainly in the use of land resources. Therefore, the scientific and technological breakthroughs in the agricultural field need to start from the management, restoration and promotion of land resources.

农业系统是复杂巨系统，已经很难再依靠“点”上的技术突破实现整体提升。报告建议将跨学科研究和系统方法作为解决重大关键问题的首选项。系统认知就是要从系统的要素构成、互作机理和耦合作用来探索问题解决的途径。“山水林田湖草是一个生命共同体”，农业领域的科学突破必须突破单要素思维，从资源利用、运作效率、系统弹性和可持续性的整体维度进行思考。我国农业生态效率不高、竞争力不强、生态不可持续的问题主要是在土地资源的利用方式上。因此，农业领域的科技突破需要从土地资源的治理、修复、提升入手。

2. The new generation of sensor technology will become the underlying driving technology to promote progress in the agricultural field

2.新一代传感器技术将成为推动农业领域进步的底层驱动技术

Quantity defines the world, and accurately determines the future. The United States takes the development and application of high-precision, accurate and field-deployed sensors and biosensors as the key to future technological breakthroughs. At present, sensor technology has been widely used in the agricultural field, but it mainly focuses on the measurement of a single feature such as temperature. If we want to understand the operation mechanism of the whole system at the same time, the key is to continuously monitor the linkage ability of multiple features.

量值定义世界，精准决定未来。美国将高精度、精准、可现场部署的传感器以及生物传感器的开发、应用作为未来技术突破的关键。当前传感器技术已经广泛应用在农业领域，但主要还集中在对单个特征如温度的测量上，如果要同时了解整个系统运行的机理，连续监测多个特征的联动能力才是关键。

generation of sensor technology includes not only include the physical environment, biological traits monitoring and integration, including using material science and microelectronics, nano technology to create new nano and biological sensors, such as water molecules, pathogens, microorganisms across the soil, animals and plants, environment cycle movement process monitoring. The rapid detection, continuous monitoring and real-time feedback capabilities of the new generation of sensors will provide a data basis for the system cognition, and give human beings the abilityto "prevent and cure no diseases", that is, they can find and solve problems before diseases appear. If the possible risk problems can be accurately found and quantitatively identified in the utilization link of resource elements, and can be optimized and adjusted in real time, it will completely change the way of agricultural production and utilization in China. Therefore, the new generation of sensor technology will be the key technology that China must master.

值得注意的是，新一代传感器技术不仅仅包括对物理环境、生物性状的监测和整合，更包括运用材料科学及微电子、纳米技术创造的新型纳米和生物传感器，对诸如水分子、病原体、微生物在跨越土壤、动植物、环境时的循环运动过程进行监控。新一代传感器所具备的快速检测、连续监测、实时反馈能力，将为系统认知提供数据基础，赋予人类“防治未病”的能力，即在出现病症前就能发现问题、解决问题。如果能在资源要素的利用环节即可精准发现和定量识别可能出现的风险问题，并能够实时进行优化调整，将彻底改变我国农业生产利用方式。因此，新一代传感器技术将是我国必须掌握的关键技术。

3. Data science and information technology are the strategic key technologies in the agricultural field

3.数据科学和信息技术是农业领域的战略性关键技术

Advances in data science and analytical tools provide important breakthrough opportunities for improving research and knowledge application in agriculture. Despite the collection of food, agriculture, resources, and other data, effective tools to use extensive and existing data, knowledge and models, the report said. The development of big data, artificial intelligence, machine learning, blockchain and other technologies provides the ability and advanced analysis methods to collect, analyze, store, share, and integrate heterogeneous data more quickly. In other words, data science and informationtechnology can greatly improve the ability to solve complex problems, apply a large number of research results in agriculture, resources and other related fields to production practice, automatically integrate data and conduct real-time modeling under dynamic changes, and promote the formation of data-driven intelligent control.

数据科学和分析工具的进步为提升农业领域研究和知识应用提供了重要的突破机遇。报告称，尽管收集了大量粮食、农业、资源等各类数据，但由于实验室研究和生产实践中的数据一直处于彼此脱节的状态，缺乏有效的工具来广泛使用已有的数据、知识和模型。大数据、人工智能、机器学习、区块链等技术的发展，提供了更快速地收集、分析、存储、共享和集成异构数据的能力和高级分析方法。换句话说，数据科学和信息技术能够极大地提高对复杂问题的解决能力，将农业、资源等相关领域的大量研究成果应用在生产实践中，在动态变化条件下自动整合数据并进行实时建模，促进形成数据驱动的智慧管控。

4. Breakthrough genomics and precision breeding techniques should be encouraged and adopted

4.突破性的基因组学和精准育种技术应当鼓励并采用

With the advent of gene editing techniques, targeted genetic improvement can improve plants and animals in ways that are be possible by traditional methods. By incorporating genomic information, advanced breeding techniques and precision breeding methods into conventional breeding and selection programs, biological traits with important effects on agricultural productivity and agricultural quality can be improved precisely and rapidly. This ability opens the door to technologies such as developing new crops and soil microorganisms, developing resistant plants

随着基因编辑技术的出现，有针对性的遗传改良可以以传统方法无法实现的方式对植物和动物进行改良。通过将基因组信息、先进育种技术和精确育种方法纳入常规育种和选择计划，可以精确、快速地改善对农业生产力和农产品质量有重要影响的生物性状。这种能力为培育新作物和土壤微生物、开发抗病动植物、控制生物对压力的反应，以及挖掘有用基因的生物多样性等打开了技术大门。应当鼓励并采用其中一些突破性技术，提高农业生产力、抗病抗旱能力以及农产品的营养价值。

5. Microbiome technology is essential to cognition and understanding of agricultural system operation

5.微生物组技术对认知和理解农业系统运行至关重要

Through a large number of studies reported in recent years, we know the importance of human microbes to physical health, but we do not understand the microbiome of soil, plants and animals and their effects in agriculture. With the use of more and more complex tools to detect the agricultural microbiome, the United States is expected to achieve breakthrough in the next decade, establish its agricultural microbial database, better understand the molecular level interaction between soil, plant and animal microbiome, and by improving soil structure, improve theefficiency of feed and nutrient utilization and improve the resistance to the environment and disease to enhance agricultural productivity and flexibility, and even change agriculture. Among them, characterization of interactions between soil and plant microbiome is crucial. The soil microbiome is closely linked to the cycle of carbon, nitrogen and many other elements in climate change, and affects key global ecosystem service functions through some processes that have not yet been recognized by humans. Increasing the understanding of theessential microbial components and reinforcing their role in the nutrient cycle is essential to ensure a sustainable global agricultural production.

通过近年来大量的研究报道，我们知道了人体微生物对身体健康的重要性，相比而言我们对农业中土壤、植物和动物的微生物组及其影响还不够了解。随着利用越来越复杂的工具探测农业微生物组，美国有望在未来十年实现突破性进展，建立其农业微生物数据库，更好地理解分子水平土壤、植物和动物微生物组之间的相互作用，并通过改善土壤结构、提高饲料效率和养分利用率以及提高对环境和疾病的抵抗力等增强农业生产力和弹性，甚至彻底改变农业。其中，土壤和植物微生物组之间的相互作用表征至关重要。土壤微生物组与气候变化中的碳、氮和诸多其他要素的循环息息相关，并通过一些尚未被人类认知的过程影响着全球关键生态系统服务功能。加深对基本微生物组成部分的理解以及强化它们在养分循环中的作用对确保全球可持续农业生产至关重要。

daa science, gene editing, and microbiome. This is also the key core technology that our country's agricultural field must work hard and indispensable future. At the same time, based on China's national conditions of poor thin and quality resources, Chinese scientists also need to make breakthroughs in several important fields that subvert the present, lead the future, and create The Times, in the landscape, forests, farmland, lakes and grass life community, and the modern engineering technology problems of land resources security and control.

未来十年，美国将围绕系统认知分析、精准动态感知、数据科学、基因编辑、微生物组五大关键技术寻求农业领域的科技突破。这同样是未来我国农业领域必须努力、不可或缺的关键核心技术。同时，立足我国地薄质劣的资源国情，我国科学家还需要在几个颠覆现在、引领未来、开创时代的重要领域，在山水林田湖草生命共同体重大科学问题、土地资源安全与管控现代工程技术难题上取得突破。

core technologies, such as big data of cultivated land quality, health diagnosis technology, ecological farmland construction technology, soil biodiversity protection and cultivated land conservation technology, evolution simulation technology of cultivated land system; restoration and treatment of some key areas, such as overall protection of black land, restoration of Yellow River basin system, comprehensive management of saline-alkali sandy land; in the major needs of national development, such as global change and low-carbon tillage system, and intelligent monitoring of cultivated land resources.

聚焦精准调查、精细感知、精明治理的科学技术体系，在一些关键核心技术上取得突破进展，比如耕地质量大数据、耕地健康诊断技术、生态良田构建技术、土壤生物多样性保护和耕地养护技术、耕地系统演化模拟仿真技术；对一些重点区域进行修复治理，比如黑土地整体保护、黄河流域系统修复、盐碱地沙土地综合治理；在国家发展的重大需求方面全力以赴，比如全球变化与低碳耕作制度研究、耕地资源智慧监测等。

innovation map. It is necessary to plan a roadmap for future technological development, clarify the main direction of innovation, and determine that cultivated land resources are an indispensable link. Agricultural innovation is the focus of improving competitiveness. If China's agriculture needs to be able to support the demand of 1.4 billion Chinese people for agriculture, it still needs to have the advantage in innovation. American scientists' the "five directions" of agriculture may inspire us. Just this, then I mean.

新一轮科技革命和产业正在重构全球创新版图，需要规划好未来技术发展的路线图，明确创新主攻方向，确定耕地资源是不可或缺的一环。农业创新是提高竞争力的着力点，我国农业要能支撑14亿国人对农业的需求，仍然要在创新中占得先机。美国科学家对未来农业的“五大方向”的判断，也许会对我们有所启发。唯如斯，则我意达矣。