ISOBUS技术在凯斯的精准农业中发挥着重要和不断增长的作用(IS系列离心泵的使用与故障排除)-农机大全网

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　　农机大全网（nongjidaquan.com）今天给各位分享ISOBUS技术在凯斯的精准农业中发挥着重要和不断增长的作用的知识，其中也会对IS系列离心泵的使用与故障排除进行解释，如果能碰巧解决你现在面临的问题，别忘了关注本站，现在开始吧！

本文导读目录：

1、ISOBUS技术在凯斯的精准农业中发挥着重要和不断增长的作用

2、IS系列离心泵的使用与故障排除

3、It Is Worth Expecting the Agricultural Machinery Market Driven by Innovation Unceasingly

4、JAGUAR系列青贮收获机—近红外传感器(NIR)

ISOBUS技术在凯斯的精准农业中发挥着重要和不断增长的作用 ♂

ISOBUS技术在凯斯的精准农业中发挥着重要和不断增长的作用

ISOBUS可以做什么？

家庭成员、员工、供应商和服务供应商之间的沟通对于保持农场的效率和生产力至关重要。试想一下，如果不同品牌、不同型号的设备、显示器和软件间可以进行通信，沟通的效率可以提升多少？

这就是ISOBUS的作用。

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科技是农业生产的福音。但是，技术平台、设备和机具之间缺乏兼容性是一个严重的挑战。有了这么多专有的解决方案，组件间常常不能顺畅地交互，或者根本就不能交互。每个机具和拖拉机都需要有自己的显示屏，以实现数据交换和机器控制，增加了机具整合作业沟通的复杂度。

减少控制中的冗余

世界各地的农业设备制造商在国际标准组织(ISO)的框架下走到一起，并同意将ISOBUS作为机具、拖拉机和计算机之间电子通信的通用协议。

ISOBUS的技术发展始于1991年，并于2001年引入了iso11783作为拖拉机和机具的标准。该指南有助于统一通信，创建兼容性，使机具和设备能够通信，而不受不同制造商限制。该技术的最终的目标是为每个组合提供即插即用功能。这将意味着只需在拖拉机或喷药机中使用一个ISOBUS显示器，例如凯斯 AFS Pro 700显示器，便可以控制任何工具或应用程序。

ISOBUS的优点

简化：驾驶室中的一个显示器可控制多个工具和应用程序。

用户友好：ISOBUS标准化了控制设置，减少了停机时间，最小化了安装过程中的界面问题，消除了跨平台校准的需要。

连接方便：标准化的九针插头，可以方便地将不同的工具连接到拖拉机上。

更低的费用：用户只需要为所有型号的设备购买一个显示器。

提高效率：轻松地实现电脑与显示器件的数据交换。

可操作的数据：ISOBUS协助精准农业，帮助用户优化操作。

生产环节中的应用

ISOBUS在凯斯的精准农业（AFS）中发挥着重要和不断增长的作用。例如，凯斯的AFS Soil Command?，可在Tiger-Mate?255耕耘机上使用，用于报告和显示苗床信息，用户在拖拉机驾驶室内即可进行测量和优化苗床农艺品质

从播种到收获，ISOBUS可以方便地进行品种追踪，可以在春天为每个田地收集多达30种不同的种子品种的数据。该技术将种子品种与收获时追踪的产量和水分数据相匹配，帮助用户轻松准确地分析品种性能。

在整个生长季节，AFS ISOBUS通过符合iso的显示器为用户提供查看和控制应用程序的能力。追踪从干粉肥料和液体肥料到无水氨和泥浆应用的一切。凯斯的喷药机应用系统可实时查看喷雾器性能，可对喷杆进行和手动或变速调节。

ISOBUS技术已经在帮助所有设备发挥其潜力方面取得了重大进展。ISOBUS的应用可变倍率控制、进行变量调节，提升农具效率的同时，适配更多农具，从而为生产带来更多便捷，更好的发挥机具的潜力。

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IS系列离心泵的使用与故障排除 ♂

IS系列离心泵的使用与故障排除

IS系列离心泵，是采用国际标准设计并取代B型和BA型离心泵的新型换代产品。与B型泵相比，效率提高4%，零部件标准化、通用化程度高，扬程为5~160m，流量6.3~1200 m3/h。从结构特点上看，其托架为悬架式，即泵体与泵脚铸为一体，轴承置于悬臂安装在泵体上的悬架内；同时将各部件的厚度均相应减薄，减轻了泵的重量。

整台泵的重量主要由泵体承受，此外增加了加长联轴器。由于IS泵的泵盖位于泵的右端，且结构上采取了悬架式，加上增设了加长联轴器，故只要卸下连接泵体和泵盖的螺栓，叶轮、泵盖和悬架等零部件就可以一起从泵体内拆出，这使得检修时不需要拆卸吸入管路和压出管路，也不需要移动泵体和动力机，只需要拆下加长联轴器的中间连接件，即可拆出泵转子部件，使维修非常方便。广泛应用于排涝、提灌、喷灌等。近年来，随着农机购置补贴的实施，农村中拥有量大量增加。

为提高其使用效益，现以IS100—80—125A型水泵为例，介绍其正确使用与故障排除方法。

一、开机前的准备工作

水泵运行前，操作人员应进行认真检查，以确保水泵的安全工作：

1、用手慢慢转动联轴器或皮带轮，观察水泵转动是否灵活、平稳，泵内有无杂物、杂音，是否发生碰撞；轴承有无杂音或松紧不匀等现象；填料松紧是否适宜；皮带松紧是否适度。如果有异常，应先调整。

2、检查并紧固所有螺栓和螺钉。

3、检查轴承中的润滑油和润滑脂是否纯净，否则应更换。润滑脂的加入量以轴承空腔体积的2/3为宜，润滑油应在油标规定的范围内。

4、检查电动机引入导线的连接，确保水泵正确的旋转方向。正常工作前，可开机检查电机转向。如果转向相反，应及时停机，并任意换接两根电机引入导线的位置即可。

5、较大型离心泵应关闭闸阀起动，起动后闸阀关闭时间不宜过长，一般不超过3—5分钟，以免水泵内循环水发热，损坏机件。

6、需灌引水的抽水装置，应灌引水。在灌引水时，用手转动联轴器或皮带轮，使叶轮内空气排净。

二、运行规则

水泵动行中，操作人员要严守工作岗位，加强检查，及时发现问题并处理之。一般情况下，应注意以下事项：

1、检查各仪表（如电流表、电压表、真空表、压力表等）工作是否正常。如果发现读数过大、过小或指针剧烈波动，都应及时查明原因，予以排除。如真空表读数突然上升，可能是进水口堵塞或进水池水面下降使吸程增加；若压力表读数突然下降，可能是进水管漏水、吸入空气或转速降低。

2、水泵动行时，填料的松紧度应该适当。压盖过紧，填料箱渗水过少，起不到水封、润滑及冷却作用，容易引起填料发热、变硬，加快泵轴和轴套的磨损，增加水泵的机械损耗；填料压得过松，渗水过多，造成大量漏水，将使空气吸入泵内，降低水泵的容积效率，导致出水量减少，甚至不出水。一般情况下，填料的松紧度以每分钟能渗水20滴左右为宜，可用填料压盖螺纹来调节。

3、轴承温升一般不应超过20℃~40℃，最高温度不得超过50℃。轴承温度过高，将使润滑失效，烧坏轴承或引起滚动体破裂，甚至会引起断轴或泵轴热胀咬死的严重事故。温升过高的应及时停机，查明原因，予以排除。

4、防止水泵进水管口淹没深度不够，导致在进水管口附近形成漩涡，使空气进入泵内。应及时清除栏污栅和进水池中的漂浮物，以免阻碍进水管口。上述两者均会增大进水阻力，导致进水口压力降低，甚至引起汽蚀。

5、随时注意有无诸如出水量减少、杂音和较大振动等不正常现象。一旦出现不正常现象应立即停机检查，及时排除故障，以免发生事故。

6、关机前，应先关闭出水管上的闸阀，然后方可关机。

三、维护要求

1、停机后，应及时擦干水泵及管路上的水渍及油污，保持机组的清洁、干净。

2、定时更换轴承内的润滑油、脂。对于装有滑动轴承的的新泵，运行100h左右，应更换润滑油，以后每运行300~500h应补充一次润滑油、脂。滚动轴承每运行1200~1500h应补充一次润滑脂，但至少每年换油一次，转速较低的水泵可适当延长。

3、如果较长时间内不使用或在冬季，应将泵内和水管内的水放尽，以防范生锈或冻裂。

4、排灌季节结束后，要进行一次小修，累计运行2000h左右应进行一次大修。

四、常见故障及排除

IS系列离心泵的常见故障现象有水泵不出水或出水量小、动力机超载、水泵振动或有杂音、轴承发热、填料密封装置漏水等多种。

1、水泵灌不满水

原因有：1）底阀夹杂物、损坏，导致密封不严，应清除杂物或修理。

2）进水管漏水，应紧固进水管的连接或重新加装密封垫。

3）放水螺栓松动，应拧紧。

4）进水管路有空气，应打开放气孔排气，或重新安装进水管。

2、起动后不出水或出水量很小

造成这一故障的原因有：

1）安装参数不符合使用要求。一是抽水装置总扬程超过水泵扬程过多，应调换水泵或串联一台流量相同的水泵或二级提水；二是吸水扬程过高，应降低吸水扬程，减少管路损失；三是下扬程淹没深度过浅，大量空气被吸入水泵，应在底阀上面加装一段短管或开大进水阀门；提高进水池水位；四是水泵转速低于额定转速，应提高转速。

2）零部件缺陷或内部有异物。一是底阀锈住不能开启，应修理；二是水管或叶轮被杂草堵塞，应清除；三是叶轮或口环损坏，应更换。

3）安装使用不符合要求。一是未加引水或引水未加满，应打开加水漏斗，若无水流出，应补加水；二是进水管漏水，应旋紧法兰螺丝，重新加垫或焊补管子孔缝；三是叶轮或吸水管内聚集空气，应开启放气孔，或重新安装水管，使水平管路放平或向下倾斜；四是叶轮转向不符，应注意调换其中两相电源接头；开口皮带传动的应改成交叉传动，或重新安装；五是几台水泵排列不当或过密，发生“抡水”现象，应合理、重新安装；六是皮带过松、打滑，应调节中心距或截短皮带，或加装压紧轮；七是填料压盖过松，填料磨损过多，造成漏气漏水，应拧紧压盖或重新更换填料；八是进水条件不良，进水池太小，应增大进水池；进水设计不隹，应改进进水方式；进水池堵塞，应清理。

3、动力机超载的原因及排除

1）安装不符合使用要求。一是装置扬程过低，使工况点向大流量偏移，泵轴功率增加，导致动力机超载。应降低转速或进水管充水或关小闸阀；调换水泵。二是转速过高，应降低转速；三是动力机轴与水泵轴不同心，应检查、调整同心度；四是叶轮与泵壳磨擦，可拧紧叶轮螺母或在叶轮后部加垫来调整叶轮位置；五是填料过紧，应旋松压盖或重装填料。

2）零部件损坏。一是泵轴弯曲，应校直泵轴或更换；二是轴承损坏，应换新轴承。

4、水泵振动或有异常响声的原因及排除

1）安装不符合使用要求。一是吸程过高，淹没深度过浅等原因，使水泵发生汽蚀，应通过修理或换件来消除汽蚀；二是地脚螺丝松动，应拧紧；三是动力机轴与泵轴不同心，应检查、调整同心度；四是叶轮与泵壳磨擦，应调整叶轮位置。

2）零部件损坏。一是泵轴弯曲，应校直或更换；二是叶轮损坏或不平衡，应修理或更换；三是轴承损坏或润滑不良，润滑油太脏，应调换轴承或清洗加注润油。

5、轴承发热的原因及排除

1）轴承严重磨损，应更轴承；

2）泵轴弯曲，应校直或更换；

3）润滑不良，润滑油太多或太少，应减少或加注；机械使用中，人们加注润滑油（脂）存在误区，认为加得越满越好。其实这样反而会影响散热。正确的方法是：使用润滑油的，加至油刻线即可；使用润滑脂的，加注到2/3为宜。这样才能留下散热空间。

4）轴承内有杂物或润滑油质量差，应拆开清洗轴承，换用合格润滑（油）脂；

5）皮带过紧，应予调整；

6）动力机与泵轴不同心，应调整；

7）轴承安装不当，应重新安装；

6、填料密封不好，漏水严重，影响正常使用

1）泵轴弯曲，不同心，叶轮不平衡，轴承严重磨损，填料压盖压得太紧等原因，使填料磨损过多，应针对不同原因修理或更换，并排除故障。

2）轴套磨损严重，应更换；

3）填料发硬或规格选用不当，应更换合格填料；

4）填料压盖过松，应旋紧。

It Is Worth Expecting the Agricultural Machinery Market Driven by Innovation Unceasingly ♂

It Is Worth Expecting the Agricultural Machinery Market Driven by Innovation Unceasingly

The agricultural machinery market, which has kept more than ten years’ steady development unceasingly, provides the god-given opportunity for the agricultural machinery enterprises to achieve the goal of being large and strong and speed up the adjustment of the industrial structure. Confronted with the new industrial mode, namely, generation change and upgrade of products, adjustment of the industrial structure and remodeling of the market structure driven by “National III standard” changing-over and quality upgrade, the agricultural machinery enterprises are being confronted with the new development and breakthrough goals.

Influenced by the industrial restraining factors, the development bottleneck needs to be solved

The sound development of the agricultural machinery industry, agricultural machinery market and agricultural machinery products is a systematic project, which needs to be promoted by goal integration, resource synergy and capacity. By means of comprehensive analysis of rule of industry and special research on development path, the strategic reflection, industrial breakthrough and user orientation are still important issues for cohesion of strength and pursuit of being strong.

Firstly, analysis is made from the strategic level. At present, in the industry, the low-end capacity is seriously surplus; the industrial concentration is low; the quantities of manufacturing enterprises are too many and the development capacity “ceiling” and the operation performance “trammels” cause the industrial overall efficiency to fluctuate in the low level. Strengthening the strategic concentration, having more confidence in development and adapting to the “New Normal” become important issues, which need to be thought and solved by some agricultural machinery enterprises.

Firstly, strategies of some agricultural machinery enterprises are passive because these enterprises lack the long-term layout and continue to adopt the inertial thinking in aspects of the strategic ideas, strategic countermeasures and tactical countermeasures etc.; the allocation and synergy of the strategic resources and implementation of strategies of these enterprises cannot keep pace with the times and the development environment cannot be effectively utilized or influenced by these enterprises. Secondly, the development orientation is not clear. Some enterprises are accustomed to pursuing the large scale and comprehensiveness, and their strategic resources, implementation routes and promotion capacity lack collaborative configuration, optimization measures and innovation means. They use the limited resources and capacities to implement the cross-industry and diversified industrial development. Their traditional and backward industries are eliminated and emerging industrial development lacks the strategic measures. Their main businesses are large but weak and subsidiary businesses are fine but more. So the pattern of synergy is difficult to form. Thirdly, the decentralized strategies result in the decentralized competitiveness.

From the perspective of the common features, the whole ecological innovation transformation, commercial value reconstruction, sharing measures and means are lacking, thus it is difficult to grasp the development opportunities and the competition initiative. Low-level input, modular reproduction, homogeneous following up and price competition of middle and low-end resources in the industries and enterprises cause the core competitiveness to be formed difficultly and it is difficult to make breakthrough in high-end products and core capacity.

Secondly, research is made from the perspective of industry. The industrial development practice proves that a part of enterprises will be eliminated because they cannot adapt themselves to the new-phase transformation during the abandonment stage of the economic development phase.

Firstly, the manufacturing capacity of high-end agricultural machinery products is weak in our country. In our country, rate of agricultural machinery products that reach the international leading level is lower than 10%, and overall, the industrial structure is located in the middle and low-end level in terms of international division of labor and industrial chain. Affected and restrained by the manufacturing capacity, environmental protection upgrade, technical barrier, research & development capacity and the fund barrier etc., the manufacturing and development capacity of middle and high-end products is lacking and the capability of independent innovation is also lacking in aspects of advanced technologies, materials and hydraulic pressure etc. So, high-end parts are mainly outsourced. Secondly, the level of existing manufacturing equipment and technologies falls behind that of the developed countries. The organic integration between newborn high and new technologies and traditional manufacturing level is lacking and the practical application needs to be improved quickly in aspects of flexible manufacturing system (FMS), networked manufacturing system and information management etc. Thirdly, the core technical breakthrough for key technologies and key parts, and continuous improvement, optimization and control for the platform technology are lacking in terms of middle and high-end products; disconnection between research & development and manufacturing links and agriculture, lack of market-oriented and user-centered idea and being accustomed to researching & developing and manufacturing products as per the traditional means, inertial thinking and experience cause difficulties in researching & developing the differentiated products with synergy between the machinery and agriculture as per the demands nature, planting patterns, operation features and user perception of different areas.

Thirdly, argumentation is made from the perspective of demands. In 2016, the periodic adjustment, structural upgrade of products and continuous changes of demands occur in the agricultural machinery market. It seems that this situation reflects that market demands slow down superficially, but this situation is the reflection of the forced pull of the terminal demand upgrade in essence.

Firstly, analysis is made in terms of the product management value. The agricultural machinery product is the means of production. The users’ first selection is the value embodiment of the product management capacity when purchasing the agricultural machinery. For some agricultural machinery enterprises, they lack the research on the actual management demands of the terminal; the conformity of the agricultural machinery and agriculture is weak and quality, reliability, functions and performance etc. of their products have a certain disparity with displayed demands of the users. They are subjectively satisfied with their current situation, lack full consideration of the future development motivation and competitive factors, thus they only can provide the staged or local value scheme for users. Secondly, analysis is made in terms of the environmental protection upgrade. The agricultural machinery products bear the bidirectional roles, namely, requirements for industrial transformation and product upgrade brought by the constant upgrade of policies and standards related to environmental protection; the forced pull of the energy-saving and efficiency-enhancing terminal market requires that enterprises must improve their competitive means and capacity to grasp the environmental opportunity and develop advantages and avoid disadvantages. Thirdly, the product upgrade is slow. The upgrade of the agricultural machinery products is unable to keep pace with the users’ upgrade requirements in the short term. The middle and high-end, large and middle-sized, intelligent and series agricultural machinery products have the weak research & development, manufacturing, marketing and service capacities, and they have low proprietary intellectual property rights, core competitive capacity and market share. Thus, in the short term, the replacement cannot form, and the overall breakthrough and the integral improvement are difficult to achieve.

Carry out coordination propulsion effectively and achieve development by innovation

By the comprehensive and systematic understanding, differentiate, analyze and find out the key points of development, abide by law of development and comply with the development trend. Meet the terminal demands, restructure resources, remodel capacity and reestablish advantages by measures for tackling difficulties in dimensionalities of strategic promotion, industrial development and progressive increase of value and achieve the new development goals constantly by innovative impetus.

Firstly, insist on the strategic concentration and seek for the first-mover advantage. Adapt to and grasp the tendency features and staged characteristics that China’s agricultural machinery industry enters the New Normal. Keep the strategic concentration, have more confidence in development, optimize resources, improve capacity and make road clear to strongly promote the competitive level of the agricultural machinery to develop into a higher-form, faster-speed and better-quality stage.

Firstly, strengthen strategy performance. Keep pace with or be ahead of the development trend of foreign and domestic industry orientation and product technologies etc., blend in the strategic environment, do a good job in overall design, top-level design and hierarchical design of strategy, implement enterprises’ goals, enhance the implementation of strategies and strategic coordination propulsion and strive for achieving the innovation and upgrade of the commercial mode. Secondly, focus on the core resources, core capacity and core markets, position the industrial space, product platform and market dimensionality, innovate the development mode, determine implementation approaches and means of goals, optimize the growth form and build the competitive advantages of providing the corresponding agricultural equipment solutions for users. Thirdly, construct the development advantages. By centering on the staged goal of “being large and strong and being fine and professional” and contrasting advantages and disadvantages of the main competitors, dynamically utilize the value chain on the strategic map to determine the “golden section ratio” of the industrial chain, establish the flow mechanism of personnel, finance, and material resources, production, supply and marketing, and responsibility, power and interests, and cultivate, establish and keep enterprises’ differentiation competitive advantage and continued development support in aspects of industry, products, technologies and other resources and capacities.

Secondly, construct the core advantages and achieve the performance breakthrough. Based on the enterprises’ features and capacities, select the transformation direction accurately, do a good job in coordination of market demands, technical equipment, talent training and selling network etc. and achieve the stable and progressive increase of performance.

Firstly, do a good job in development reserve. The enterprises shall keep up with the world’s advanced technology and take opportunity of “Made in China 2025” and “Industry 4.0” to strive for achieving automation and informatization of the enterprise manufacturing and management, enlarge the intelligent manufacturing input of intelligent equipment and intelligent factories etc. and use the information technology to improve the traditional industry, propel upgrade of manufacturing capacity and promote the enterprises’ sustainable development. Secondly, speed up the industrial upgrade. In terms of industrial development, actively develop the new type high-efficiency tractors with power of 147 kW (200 hp) or above, tractors with 8 kinds of power shifts or above, main transmission electronic control and main clutch electro-hydraulic control CVT stepless speed change tractors; large-sized grain combine harvesters with the feed quantity of 10 kg/s or above, high-trafficability characteristic rice combine harvesters with the feed quantity of 8 kg/s or above and new type corn kernel harvesters and other products. In the meantime, speed up promotion of large scale, extent, complete set, intelligentization and precision of agricultural machinery products. Thirdly, optimize the research & development mode. Based on the domestic and foreign resources, speed up construction of production-learning-research-using interflow mechanism, do a good job in technical transformation and docking of production and demands, form the collaborative innovation and combination between the production and using, and promote the new mode of basic industrial development by market. Speed up the research & development, popularization and application of advanced materials, hydraulic and electronic control technologies and other core basic parts, advanced basic technologies and key basic materials.

Thirdly, promote the closed-loop management and extend the value chain. The leading agricultural machinery enterprises shall transform from the price layout to the value delivery gradually, and the competitive mode shall develop into the competition of comprehensive strength under the system platform from the single product competition. In addition, providing the most valuable solutions for users becomes the source power to support the enterprise development.

JAGUAR系列青贮收获机—近红外传感器(NIR) ♂

JAGUAR系列青贮收获机—近红外传感器(NIR)

测定干物质含量：

在收割过程中，通过近红外光谱连续进行测量。在抛料筒中，光源将射速对准流经的收割物。视收割物的湿度而定，反射情况有所不同。
DLG测试结果：
DLG测试证明在95%的玉米测量和88%的牧草测量中，
干物质偏差低于2%。没有试样偏差大于4%。
您享有的好处：
根据干物质进行结算的基础。
可根据干物质自动进行青贮添加剂剂量和切割长度调整。
在收割过程中便已记录饲料质量。

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